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INDIA – AFGHANISTAN image by Atrishekhar - Coggle Diagram
INDIA – AFGHANISTAN 
by Atrishekhar
COOPERATION
HUMANITARIAN
Daily supply of 100 grams of fortified, high-protein biscuits to nearly 2 million children under a School
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Free medical consultation and medicines through 5 Indian Medical Missions to over 30,000 Afghans monthly
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285 military vehicles for the Afghan National Army, and 10 ambulances for public hospitals in five cities
Wheat- the Indian government has also committed to send to the war-torn country 50,000 tonne of wheat.
Recently, India announced an agreement with Afghanistan for building the Shatoot dam, which would provide safe drinking water to 2 million residents of Kabul city.
Apart from continuing with its humanitarian assistance, the MEA included Taliban foreign ministry officials in an online training course. It has also offered technical support to the Afghan banking sector.
EDUCTIONAL
Studies for Afghan student: 500 annual long-term university sponsored by the Indian Council for Cultural
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Women’s Vocational Training Centre in BagheZanana for training of Afghan women by the well-known Indian NGO SEWA (Self-Employed Women’s Association).
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Indian government announced 1,000 new scholarships for Afghan students for the 2023-24 academic year.
GEOECONOMIC
Zaranj to Delaram: Construction of 218 km road from Zaranj to Delaram to facilitate movement of goods and
services from Afghanistan to the Iranian border and, onward, to the Chahbahar Port (completed).
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Salma Dam power: Construction and commissioning of Salma Dam power project (42 MW) in Herat province
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BACKGROUND
Peace and stability in Afghanistan is important for India for security in Kashmir,
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Boundary line known as Durand Line was drawn between Afghan and British territories, But the Durand Agreement (1893) failed to keep peace
Treaty of Gandamak in 1879– Amir conduct his foreign policy with the advice of Government of India; a permanent British resident be stationed at Kabul
the contribution of Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, revered as Frontier Gandhi;
India was among the first non-Communist states to recognize the government installed by the Soviet Union after its 1979* invasion of Afghanistan
The first Indian Government-in-Exile was formed in Kabul by Maharaja Mahendra Pratap and Maulana Barkatullah
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SIGNIFICANCE
GEOSTRATEGIC
Connecting East, West, central and north east Asia
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Proximity to major powers like Russia, China, India, Iran.
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Afghanistan is centre of radical ideology, drug trafficking and smuggling.
Kautilya’s Mandal Siddhant. According to it, neighbor’s neighbor is our friend.
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GEOECONOMIC
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Afghanistan is home to resource deposits like iron,
copper ,lithium etc worth $1 trillion.
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GEOCULTURAL
In the timeless Buddhist symbols of Aynak and Bamyan of Afghanistan and in the majestic monuments of Delhi, in Indian cultures, arts, languages, literatures, foods and festivals, both nations see the imprint of bilateral timeless relations.
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CONFLICTS &
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Indian investment in the Chabahar port, meant to circumvent Pakistan, may become unviable.
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No Afghan
government including previous Taliban regime has accepted Durand Line between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
India also has invested more than $3 billion in Afghanistan. This includes projects such as
Salma dam, Afghan Parliament, Zaranj Delaram highway etc.
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RECENT
Back in January 2023, the Taliban requested India to allow it to station its envoy in New Delhi
The Taliban foreign ministry issued an order back in April, replacing the Ghani government appointee, Farid Mamundzay with Mohammad Qadir Shah.
When the UNSC was debating Resolution 2593, both Russia and China abstained. Moscow did not agree that the draft of the resolution divided the terrorists in silos, i.e. ‘ours and theirs’ and excluded the names of groups like East Turkestan Islamist Movement (ETIM)
Notwithstanding these competing interests, India has continued its conversations with these countries on the question of Afghanistan by actively participating in regional organisations like the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and frameworks like the Moscow Format Consultations
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Despite historical differences and opposition to the Taliban, India has been providing humanitarian relief to Afghanistan even after the Taliban's takeover. The Taliban has approached India for assistance due to the economic and humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan. India has offered aid, infrastructure development, and investment, aiming to prevent a humanitarian disaster and possibly disrupt Pakistan's influence over the Taliban. India's engagement with nationalist Taliban factions reflects its diplomatic finesse in addressing both humanitarian needs and strategic interests, potentially reshaping the geopolitical dynamics of South Asia.
India's Approach To Afghanistan Continues To Be Guided By Historical Relations, Friendship With Afghan People: Jaishankar recently replied in parliament
The diplomatic presence of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in New Delhi and the Consulates of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in Mumbai and Hyderabad continue to function in India,"
During the past two years, some Afghan diplomats have left India since they obtained residency in third countries. However, the remaining Afghan diplomats based in India have taken over the responsibility for the continued diplomatic functioning of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
India has not yet recognised the Taliban set up and has been pitching for the formation of a truly inclusive government in Kabul besides insisting that Afghan soil must not be used for any terrorist activities against any country.
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