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04 IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
1 IMPERIALISM
CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM
Intense population growth
Rivalry between industrialised countries
Ideological and cultural factors
Industrial development
The aim of the expansion was to subject other peoples to imperial states
The mother country
It was the imperialist state on which a colony depended.
with the start of the Second Industrial Revolution most important European states expanded.
Colonial Empires in 1914
British Empire was the most extensive empire with a population of 345 million inhabitants.
2 COLONIAL TERRITORIES
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
In 1885, Berlin West Africa Conference was organized by Germany to decide how Africa would be divided amongst the European powers
British Empire wanted arge belt of colonies from Egypt to Cape Town
France already controlled the Sahara and its bordering
Portugal controlled large inland areas
France and Portugal wanted corridors from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the Indian Ocean coast of Africa.
Africa in 1870
Africa in 1914
David Livingstone(1813–1873)
COLONISATION OF ASIA
France took control of Indochina and Great Britain of Malaysia
British took advantage of the Chinese authorities
Indian Peninsula was colonised by the British
Chinese rebelled in the First Opium War (1839–1842), but were defeated
Asia in 1912
JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
Japan turned to imperial expansion between the late 19th and early 20th centuries
BOXER REBELLION (1899–1901)
The way in which European empires expanded depended on the circumstances of the colonised territories.
THE HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
They left the island of Cuba in 1902
To achieve this, they fought Spain
United States began numerous military interventions to defend its economic and strategic interests
This cruel war that caused nearly a million civilian victims.
the system in which mother country exploited the colonies according to its interests was colonialism
3 TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Protectorates
Dominions
Colonies
IMPERIALISM: KEY DATES
1898 (Fashoda Incident between France and Great Britain)
1899–1901 (Boxer Rebellion against foreigners in China)
1885–1898 (world divided between European countries, the USA and Japan)
1904–1912 (North Africa divided between Great Britain, France, Spain and Italy)
1885 ( Berlin West Africa Conference)
1850–1885 (Geographical expeditions in Africa)
4 CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
Colonisation involved violence against the people
Colonial expansion consolidated inequalities in the global production of goods
Colonisation opened the door to certain advances in industrialised countries
artificial borders were created
FASHODA INCIDENT (1898)
was a diplomatic dispute between France and Great Britain
