Sigmund Freud's stages of Psycho Sexual Development (Arigun and Christian)
Anal stage: (1 - 3 years). During this stage the libido turns to the anus. the child is now aware that they are in their own a right as a person and that their wishes can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world which essentially means that their ego has developed.
Frued believed that this type of conflict derives from potty training, where adults implicate restrictions on when and where the child can go to the bathroom.
Frued believes that harsh potty training can lead to the child becoming an anal retentive personality that dispises mess, obsessivley tidy, punctual and highly respectful of authority, the can also be extremely stubborn and tightfisted with money and their own belongings.
Phallic stage
- Ages 3 to 6 years, libido focused on genitalia/erogenous zone
- becomes aware of sex differences, erotic attraction, jealous, resentment conflicts
- becomes aware of sex differences
Oedipus complex
Controversial topic:
young man kills dad to marry mom
Electra complex
developes sexual pleasure for mom, loves his penis
castration anxiety by dad
develops characteristics that follows dad behaviour (identification)
takes on values, gender roles and becomes super ego
Little Hans case study
less than satisfactory
desires father, she has no penis (penis envy)
replaces desire with wish for baby, blames mom for castrated state
represses feeling to remove tension, identifies with mother to take gender role
Defence Mechanisms (arigun)
Projection
- Fail to recognise traits
- Protect self by seeing threatening traits in others
Displacement
- Change target impulse to different similar one
- Initial target being unacceptable, finds alternative
- More in dreaming
Repression
- When aggregated, they repress memories, feelings or thoughts
- Feels more like a dream
- Can be presented by things or people
- Unconscious-conscious continuum
Denial
- Denial of situations or existence of some feelings, thoughts, or perceptions
- Self protection mechanism to not suffer consequences
Introjection
- Blurred view by client and external thing, when regarded as separate
- Presents characteristics, thoughts and some behaviours as someone else through internal representation.
- Key role in client's self concept by mirroring
Compensation
- Fix up what they think they lacked finding dissatisfaction or shortcoming
- Can be described as overcompensation if fix is excessive than shortcoming
- Can be real/not, psychological or physical
Splitting
- Describing self or external as only good or bad no in-between
- May be defence mechanism due to childhood and/or poor development of self and continual negative exposure
- Self destructive, to satisfy client's need, bad for relationships
Suppression
- Conscious effort to avoid certain things to unconscious
- Anna Freud
- To prevent emotional or psychological distress
Conversion
- Convert psychological pain or distress to impairment in mental
- Blindness, paralysis, seizures, etc
Isolation
- Creating mental or cognitive barrier when threatened by feelings and thoughts by isolation of thought
- To clear away from threat thoughts mixing with others
- When not completing thought, trialling off and change of topic
-Silent ellipse after trialled thought
Regression
- To stress or distress, shows regression to early stage development, immature patterns of behaviour
- Manipulative, as mature thought process may fix problem (cope, solve)
Latency Stage
Genital stage
Oral Stage
The libido is centred around the babies mouth during this stage. Frued believed that oral stimulation could lead to an oral fixation later down the track. Oral personalities are all around us, these include:
- smokers
- nail biters
- finger-chewers
- thumb suckers
People with an oral personalitiy engage in those oral behaviours, particularly when under stress.
the fourth stage of psychosexual development which takes place from the age of 6 till puberty.
Begins in puberty
During this stage the libido is dormant and there is no further psychosexual development that takes place.
Adolescent sexual experimentation
Frued believed that most of the sexual impulses during this stage are repressed and all the sexual energy is put towards school work, hobbies and friendships.
settle down with 1-on-1 loving relationship
Sexual instinct by heterosexual pleasure, unlike phallic stage
The childs energy is used for developing new skills and gaining new knowledge and play becomes confined to the same gender.
expressed through heterosexual intercourse
Fixations and disputes may cause perversion to develop and prevent genital stage
may cause fixation on kiss and oral if primarily focused on oral stage
This happens if there is frustration when moving on to next stage or satisfied in stage and reluctant to move away from psychological benefits
Undoing
- Deeply think certain events and re-imagining to change outcome to help protect themselves from behaviours or feelings
- Cannot change outcome because already happened
Dissociation
- Shortened gap in consciousness to anxiety and stress
- After integrating to consciousness, client does not "experience" harm