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Week 4 Mind Map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Upheld and codified segregation
  - - - Acknowledged segregation was unequal, but did not provide or define any resources to achieve equality
      - Did not dismantle white privilege, and did not acknowledge inequalities produced by white domination
  - - - Did not want to disturb racial expectations and interests
    - - Incorrect assumption that desegregation would bring total equality of races
- - - - Whiteness still gave access to social privileges even after colonization and the abolition of slavery
        
        Determined voting rights, travel rights, education, jobs, and the structure of social relations
      - Whiteness took on the characteristics of property because white privilege was legitimized as the status quo
      - "Whiteness as property is derived from the deep historical roots of systematic white supremacy that has given rise to definitions of group identity predicated on the racial subordination of the 'other,' and that has reified expectations of continued white privilege" (pg. 1785).
      - White people fight to keep privileges and benefits associated with being white, and those who were passing sought to gain those benefits
        
        These benefits are affirmed and protected by the law
    - - Subordination is reinstated through forms of race and identity that are imbedded into laws
        
        White privilege and domination
      - Black identity is not the functional opposite of whiteness
      - Any advancements made by Black people during reconstruction were erased by Jim Crow
      - "Passing is well-known among Black people in the United States and is a feature of race subordination in all societies structured on white supremacy. Notwithstanding the purported benefits of Black heritage in an era of affirmative action, passing is not an obsolete phenomenon that has slipped into history. The persistence of passing is related to the historical and continuing pattern of white racial domination and economic exploitation that has given passing a certain economic logic" (pg. 1712-13).
        
        Becoming white allowed access to social privilege and control over your life as opposed to being dominated by others
    - - Implementation of equalizing treatments for groups that have been subordinated
        
        Based on antisubordination not Black superiority
        
        "Affirmative action does not reify expectations of continued race-based privilege, for it does not implement a permanent system of unfair advantage that is then naturalized and held outside the boundaries of continued scrutiny (pg. 1781).
        
        "The focus on innocent whites changes the affirmative action inquiry from one of rectifying the harm to Blacks to invoking legal protection for the rights whites who are innocent of discriminatory acts, although they have benefited from prior discrimination." (pg. 1782).
        
        Refusal to implement affirmative action only hurts poor white people
- - - - White privilege may no longer secure benefits and protected health
        
        Identifying as white provides public and psychological privileges
      - Unstable early life conditions become biologically embedded, and impact the development of individuals and their health
    - - White elites use racist ideas to monopolize power and control and divide them from POC and low-class white people with common class interests
      - Black people are still disadvantaged despite education increase
        
        Racism takes a direct toll on Black peoples health
      - Discriminatory policies keep poor white people in their place and cause them to compete with other marginalized people
    - - As education became more available, those who did not take this opportunity became disadvantaged
      - Higher education and training has become the norm
        
        Lack of high-school education lowers peoples opportunities and ability to pursue the lifestyle of their choice
        
        Bad health outcomes
      - Class differences are justified on the grounds of meritocracy
- - - - "Deaths of despair" refer to a health response to economic hardship
        
        Opioid epidemic
        
        Suicide
      - Intersectionality is key for poor whites to see social and systemic issues rather than individual ones
        
        Broad movements to promote health and safety are not a loss for an individual
    - - "Health gaps in preventable morbidity and premature mortality associated with low socioeconomic status and minority race and ethnicity are often assumed to be unjust, though rarely are the moral grounds for that view made explicit and defended" (pg. 4).
      - Action taken against white loss of life, but not against shorter Black lifespans
        
        More action for the health problems of white people, continuing to ignore disparities in Black health
    - - Some low-education white people may not accept that there is a social responsibility to create healthy conditions
        
        Identifying more with racial counterparts and working against their economic interest