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3. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, trastamara, throne, fernando II, judios, muslims…
3. THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
1 THE BIRTH OF A NEW MONARCHY
There were 5 kingdoms (Iberian Peninsula).
The House of Trastamara ruled on 2 -> Crown of Aragón and the Crown of Castilla.
1469 -> Fernando II (Aragon), married Isabel I (sister of Enrique IV (Casttilla)).
Enrique IV died and Fernando II receive the throne (1479).
To gain the right of the throne, Isabel I -> defeat Juana (the kings daughter).
Isabel I and Juana supported by Aragon and Portugal.
Isabel and Fernando marriage, create -> dynastic union. They were designate catholic monarchs (1496) after conquered Granada and expelled the Jews.
Later they were a composite monarchy (each laws and institutions).
2 THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
THE MONARCHY AND THE ESTATES OF THE REALM
The Catholic Monarchs objective -> restore authority of monarchy.
The church
The king -> appointed Master of the Military Orders
The nobility
Confiscate lands of noblemen who support Juana.
Cities
Fernando imposed his authority in major cities.
2 THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
THE RELIGIOUS POLICY OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
The catholic monarchs imposed religion -> a policy of religious unification
Obtain a papa bull, stablish the Holly Office of the Inquisition (1478).
Spanish Inquisition stablished by de pope to expelled heretics.
In 1492, expelled all the Jews that didn't believe.
Inquisition was not convinced if conversos had really converted in Christians.
Marranos -> Jews who were marginalised and under suspicion, shepardy Jews -> expelled because didn't became Christians.
In 1492, Granada was conquered, Mudejares were forced to convert Christians.
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THE HOLY OFFICE OF THE INQUISITION
Autos-da-fe -> rituals made by the Spanish Inquisition.
In 1488, the Council of the Inquisition was created (controlled by the monarchy and responsible for governing the inquisition).
KINGDOMS UNDER THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
Crown of Castilla
Council of Castilla -> an institution to advice monarchs.
Santa Hermandad (1476) -> armed force at service of Monarchs.
Audiencias of Valladolid (1480) and Granada (1504) -> centralise the justice system.
Crown of Aragon
Manage the Crown's matters
Viceroy manage each kingdom, represent the monarch.
3 THE BEGINNINGS OF HISPANIC DOMINANCE: FOREIGN POLICY
SOME ALLIANCES THROUGH MARRIAGE
The Infanta Isabel and Manuel I of Portugal.
The Infanta Juana and the Duke of Burgundy.
Catherine of Aragón and Henry VIII of England.
A period of stability began.
Active foreign policy was created-> allowed them to expand their territories.
Alliances formed -> marrying their childrens, 2 aims.
Peace with Portugal
Reinforce ties with countries (Flanders).
Castilla's Atlantic expansion -> after the conquest of Canary Islands (1496) and the discovery of America (1492).
