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post industrial britian - Coggle Diagram
post industrial britian
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- living conditions even tougher
- little time for sport sue to increased work hours
- classses even more obvious
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- factory owners recognised the importance of workers being fit and happy
Urbanisation- as a result of the indutarliasation there was an increase in number of people in towns and cities.
Lower class migrated into newly formed cities which meant there was a loss of space. Sport facilities were built to accommodate the rise in rational sport.
Improved transport and communication- Devlelopment of roads, cars and in particular the railways enabled better communication and travel. This allowed fixtures to be played across the country this improving participation and increased the number of spectators who visited venues
Education - initially, education and sport was deemed sophisticated and therefore only obtainable by the middle and upper class. The working class families saw education as irrelevant and as child labour was still common practice this was an income that could not be sacrificed. In 1870 and again in 1891 education acts gave rise to the beginning of free education in England.
Influence of factories- factory owners realised that sport could keep workers healthy and happy.
Better working conditions improved the hygenine of employees and working hours were manageable. Workers were even entitled to days off and included a half day on Saturday to play sport.
Money and time- middle class business and factory owners improved the provisioners for recreation and sport through an increased injecton of money
owners of businnesses set up teams and paid for new purpose built facilities
Influnce of church - changing views of the church now meant they believed that rational recreatio. and sport could promote Christian principles rather than mob verisons
values of the church was seen as a way to counter crime and vices that were reported in towns and cities
some professional football clubs irrigated from church teams. E.G Aston Villa, Birmingham & bolton
Gender and the changing status of women- the role of women in society during the pre-industrial period was restricted to family and raising of children.
this status began to change over time and more women were encouraged to get involved in sport
social class- emergence of the middle class in sport was influential in developing rules and governing bodies. Their change in attitudes, tastes, manners and expectations toward sport was key
middle class-at this time there became an identifiable middle class
these that were professionals, factory owners and managers
they did not own big estates and were not born into artstocracy
the middle class had increasingly more time and money to be involved in sports activities
many went to public schools and were vital in developing sports and GBS for football and rugby
the late 19th century the status of women begun to change. Lawn tennis was a popular sport amongst the women
- encouraged middle class women to participate
- privacy - could be played in private gardens and clubs
- physicality- skill not force was important so 'decorum' could be maintained
- courtship- mixed-sex activity
- socially acceptable- non-combat, ladylike,garden part atmosphere
status of ammeter and professional -amaetures played sport for the love it and therefore was suited solely to the upper class. The lower class professionals were paid to play to compensate for missing work. This was called broken time payments.
many of the lower class professionals tended to be better than the ametures as they trained to win and winning was important to maintain livelihood. For the upper class amateurs winning was unimportant
the characteristics and impact on sport post Industrial Revolution can be seen through developments in association football, lawn tennis and atheltics
1. association football
- football association formed in 1863- following the formation of the FA, football became both an ammeter game for gentlemen and a professional game for the 'people' (working class)
- organised/codified-violenece conrolled
-encoraged by middle class, more respectable
- spectator provision (it soon became clear, that football was a regular spectator attraction rather than an annual festival occasion)
- played regularly. regionally and nationally
- more free time (e.g Saturday afternoon)
- increased income/higher wages
Athletics emergence of track and field as a new form of 'urban festival'
- running became a source of income for the lower class (professionalism)
- upper and middle classes wanted to separate themselves from professionalism and its associated gambling and cheating, which led them to form their own 'exclusive' athletics clubs (e.g ACC)