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Cell signalling pathways - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Increased glucose uptake
        
        Insulin and insulin receptor
      - Expression of growth promoting genes
        
        Epidermal Growth Factor and its receptor (EGF)
      - Energy-store mobilization
        
        Epinephrine and B-Adrenergic receptor
  - - - Ion- Channel receptors
        
        Changes receptor conformation to open specific ion channel
        
        Eg. Acetylcholine
      - Tyrosine kinase-linked receptors
        
        Stimulates formation of a dimeric receptor
        
        Interacts an activates cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases
        
        Erythropoietin
      - G protein coupled receptors
        
        Ligand binding activates GTP binding protein
        
        Inhibits or activates enzyme for specific 2nd messenger
        
        Can modulate an ion channel to cause change in membrane potential e.g. epinephrine
      - Receptors with intrinsic enzymatic activity
        
        Changes receptor conformation adn activates intrinsic catalytic activity
        
        Insulin
      - Controlled by ligand binding
- - - - Steroid hormones, thyroxine, Vtiamin D
    - - Prostaglandins
  - - - Peptide hormones
        
        Insulin and glucagon
      - Small charged molecules
        
        Epinephrine and histamine
- - - - Phosphorylation of specific substrate only takes place in presence of specifc protein kinase
      - De- only takes place in presence of a specific phosphotase
    - - Forms 3 or more hydrogen bonds
        
        Allows specific interactions with other hydrogen-bond donors
      - Allows new electrostatic interactions
- - - - Without this it is catalytically inactive
- - - - Smell
      - Taste
      - Neurotransmission
      - Hormone Action
      - Hormone secretion
      - Control of blood pressure
      - Embryogenesis Development
      - Vision
      - Viral infection
- - - - 7Transmembrane helix receptors