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THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN - Coggle Diagram
THE RESTORATION AND THE GRADUAL MODERNISATION OF SPAIN
THE REIGN OF ALFONSO XII: STABILITY OF THE REGIME
Alfonso XII was corwned king
Two political elements
Constitution of 1876
Sovereignty.
Parliament
Suffrage. It was not regulated by the constitution and the governments were allowed to choose the system used
Rights and freedoms
Religion. Catholicism was the official religion
Turnismo
Turnismo
It was a system introduced by conservative politician Cánovas del Castillo.
The Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, agreed to alternate their terms in power in order to avoid military uprisings
Other parties
Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party
Basque Nationalist Party
Republican Party
Regionalist League of Cataluña
THE REGENCY OF MARÍA CRISTINA: CRISIS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
The problem of popular representation. There was electoral fraud. Many citizens were not represented in Parliament.
The regional problem.
Catalan nationalism
Basque nationalism
The colonial problem.
Cuba
Philipinnes
Spain ceded Cuba in the Treaty of Paris
Disaster of 1898
Mayor blow to Spanish morale
Involved various colonies lost
National crisis
Regenerationism
GRADUAL ECONOMIC MODERNISATION IN SPAIN
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND THEIR ECONOMIC REPERCUSSIONS
Spain’s population grew less than those of other European countries during the 19th century.
This was the result of continued disaster-related high death rates.
AGRICULTURAL CHANGES
Agriculture was the most important sector of the Spanish economy during the 19th century.
Production increased thanks to exportation. There was still inequality of land ownership.
FINANCIAL CHANGES
In 1865, the Banco de España was founded
Large investments in industry and the railway network could be made thanks to these organisations.
Spain needed foreign capital because it did not have enough of its own financial resources. However, the main problem was that little tax was collected and the Spanish tax system was unfair.
CACIQUISMO
Caciquismo developed in rural Spain in the 19th century. Caciques were large landowners.
They had economic power, and a large social influence because they controlled employment contracts and municipal jobs. They often had armed followers who intimidated the population.
They rigged elections through turnismo, so that the results were favourable to their interests.
NICOLAS
