Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
04 IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES, Garazi García Antruejo, image, image,…
04 IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
Imperialism
coinciding with the start of the Second Industrial Revolution
most important European states expanded by colonising
European countries controlled lots of territories
main objective was to subject other territories to imperial states
Causes
Industrial development
Europe needed more raw materials
were found in territories very far away from Europe
production demanded that new consumer markets
were established all over the world
Rivalry between industrialised countries
they competed with each other to guarantee
raw materials
secure trade routes
obtain political prestige
Intense population growth
led to more overseas emigration
United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, etc.
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world with a feeling of superiority
religious missions to evangelise the colonised peoples
scientific missions to explore the geography of the new territories
The British Empire was the most extensive, followed by the French Empire
The British controlled almost a quarter of the world,
Colonial territories
Imperialist expansion led to the development of colonialism
a system in which the mother country exploited the colonies according to its interests
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
In 1885, Germany organised the Berlin West Africa Conference
decide how Africa would be divided amongst the European powers
Germany
feared that it would miss its opportunity for colonial expansion
Great Britain
wanted to establish a large belt of colonies
from Egypt to Cape Town
other powers wanted to prevent this
France
controlled the Sahara and its bordering countries
Portugal
controlled large inland areas
wanted to establish corridors from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the Indian Ocean coast of Africa
COLONISATION OF ASIA
Great Britain
Indian Peninsula was colonised by the British
‘the jewel in the Crown’
Malaysia
France
controlled Indochina
Holland
controlled modern-day Indonesia
China
independent country but
had to cede control of its mines
had to allow areas for foreign trade to be divided between the colonists
opened up ports in important coastal cities
Canton and Shanghai
The British smuggled the drug to make large amounts of money
The Chinese rebelled against this in the First Opium War
defeated by the British
Treaty of Nanking
the port of Hong Kong became a British royal colony
JAPANESE IMPERIALISM
lacked certain raw materials
it began the race for hegemony in the Pacific
BOXER REBELLION (1899–1901)
Chinese opposition to the policies imposed by foreign powers
THE HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
United States began numerous interventions throughout the American continent
to defend its economic and strategic interests
annexed
Hawaiian Islands
Philippines
subdued the Philippine rebels in a cruel war
Puerto Rico
Pacific archipelagos
the Panama Canal
encouraged Panama to separate from Colombia
Cuba
left Cuba
but reserved the right to military intervention when they deemed appropriate
Types of colonial government
Colonies
Territories with weak local power were controlled by Mother countries
economically, politically and culturally
the Congo
Protectorates
Territories where the mother country decided not to intervene in matters of local politics
only controlled economic matters and foreign relations
Morocco
Dominions
Territories of the British Empire, occupied almost entirely by a new population
great autonomy and their own institutions
Australia
Consequences of imperialism
artificial borders
territories were divided based on the interests of the occupying powers and not on local factors
dividing or joining tribes and ethnic groups
resulted in conflicts in the future
inequalities in the production of goods
colonies produced cheap raw materials
mother countries manufactured them
goods were sold with a higher value to colonies
violence
like the genocide in the Belgian Congo
altered the social structure of the indigenous populations
new social order was imposed
racial discrimination
breakdown of the traditional tribal society
advances in industrialised countries
such as medicine, law and administration
due to racial discrimination
not everybody enjoyed these benefits
STRATEGIC CONTROL OVER CANALS
The great powers wanted
Panama Canal
Suez Canal
to be built
to shorten international shipping routes
for political reasons
strategic control of large areas of the world
Garazi García Antruejo
