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04.THE LABOUR MOVEMENT AND COLONIAL EMPIRES 04.IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL…
04.THE LABOUR MOVEMENT AND COLONIAL EMPIRES 04.IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries
last third of the 19th century
CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM
Industrial development
required new raw materials
development of European industrial production demanded that new consumer markets be established all over the world.
Rivalry between industrialised countries
competed with each other to guarantee a supply of raw materials,
secure trade routes
obtain political prestige
Intense population growth
Europe led to more overseas emigration
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world
As well as colonial expansion, religious missions were organised to evangelise the colonised peoples
scientific missions to explore the geography of the new territories
COLONIAL EMPIRES IN 1914
British Empire was by far the most extensive, followed by the French Empire
British controlled quarter of the world
COLONIAL TERRITORIES
COLONIALISM
physical act of setting up colonies or territories in another country replenishing or recycling them
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
Berlin West Africa Conference
decide how Africa would be divided amongst the European powers
regulated European colonialisation and trade in Africa.
COLONISATION OF ASIA
Indian Peninsula was colonised by the British
‘the jewel in the Crown’
First Opium War
war between Great Britain and China that began in 1839 as a conflict over the opi-um trade and ended in 1842 with the Chinese cession of Hong Kong to the British
THE HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
United States began numerous military interventions throughout the American continent to defend its economic and strategic interests
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
COLONIES
country that invades and takes economic control over a territory for economic or demographic reasons.
PROTECTORATES
state or territory partly controlled by, but not a possession of, a stronger state but autonomous in internal affairs
DOMINIOS
territories of the British Empire, occupied almost entirely by a new population of European origin, with great autonomy and their own institutions
CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
artificial borders
divide territories
dividing tribes and ethnic groups or joining them together
inequalities
production goods
specialised in producing cheap raw materials
mother countries manufactured and sold industrial products of higher added value
violence
against the people
advances in industrialised countries
medicine
law and administration
not everybody enjoyed this benefits
