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IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES - Coggle Diagram
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
start of the Second Industrial Revolution
European states expanded by colonising territories
subject other peoples to imperial states
Causes
Industrial development
required new raw materials
demanded that new consumer markets be established all over the world.
Rivalry between industrialised countries
guarantee a supply of raw materials
secure trade routes and to obtain political prestige.
Intense population growth
Europe led to more overseas emigration
33 million Europeans left the continent
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world
Colonial empires in 1914
COLONIAL TERRITORIES
Colonialism
system in which the mother country exploited the colonies according to its interests
Inland Africa was almost completely unexplored
America almost all of its countries were independent.
Colonisation of Africa
1885, Berlin West Africa Conference
decide how Africa would be divided
Africa in 1870
Africa in 1914
Colonisation of Asia
Indian Peninsula British, considered ‘the jewel in the Crown'
Chinese rebelled, First Opium War
Asia in 1912
Treaty of Nanking was signed in 1842, the port of Hong Kong became a British royal colony.
Heremony of the USA
United States began numerous military interventions
eserved the right to military intervention when they deemed appropriate
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Protectorates
Territories where the mother country decided not to intervene in matters of local politics
mother country control
economic matters
foreign relations
Asia, like the British protectorate in India
France and Spain had protectorates in Morocco.
Dominions
Territories of the British Empire
occupied almost entirely by a new population of European origin
great autonomy and their own institutions
Canada, Australia and New Zealand
Colonies
Territories where weak local power allowed mother countries to control
parts of Africa, such as the Congo, controlled by the Belgians
France imposed this model of government in Indochina.
CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
artificial borders
territories divitions, based on the interests of the occupying powers
dividing tribes and ethnic groups or joining them together
inequalities
colonies specialised in producing cheap raw materials
mother countries
manufactured
sold industrial products of higher added value
violence
altered the social structure of the indigenous populations
new social order was imposed
based on racial discrimination against the indigenous peoples
advances in industrialised countries
medicine, law and administration
racial discrimination under colonial rule
Strategic control over canals
two reasons
shorten international shipping routes
political reasons
