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IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES, image, image, image, image, image, image…
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
Most European States expanded by colonising territories
large number of territories became controlled by them
subject other peoples to imperial states
CAUSES
industrial development
new raw materials --> in territories far away from Europe
development of European industrial production demanded new consumer markets be established
Rivalry between industrialised countries
guarantee a supply of raw materials,
obtain political prestige (high status)
Intense population growth
more overseas emigration
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world
MOTHER COUNTRY
imperialist state on which a colony depended
Great Britain mother country of India
COLONIAL EMPIRES IN 1914
British Empire
most extensive
French Empire
second most extensive
COLONIAL TERRITORIES
development of colonialism
mother country exploited colonies according to its interests
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
Berlin West Africa Conference (1885)
to decide how Africa was going to be divided amongst European powers (interests)
organized by germany
Germany
they thought they were going to miss the opportunity for colonial expansion
British Empire
laerge groups of colonies from Egypt to Cape town
other powers wanted to prevent this
France
controlled Sahara and its bordering countries
Portugal
large inland areas
France and Portugal
establish corridors to freely transport their goods
COLONISATION OF ASIA
indian peninsula was controlled by G.B
the jewel in the crown
China was still an independent country
felt effects of imperialist pressures from Europe and USA
ceded controll of its mines and allow foreign trade to be divided between colonists
opened ports in coastal areas
British took advantage
opium consumption
smuggled opium to make large amounts of money
First Opium War
british won
Treaty of Nanking
THE HEGEMONY OF THE USA
USA + Cuba against Spain
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
colonialism
weak local power allowed mother countries to control economy, politics and culture
ADB: belgians controlled Congo
Protectorates
Mother country decided not to intervene in local politics, only economic and foreign
ADB: G.B controlled India
dominions
territories of the British empire with their own institutions
ADB: Canada, Australia and new Zealand
CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
way in which territories were divided were based on interests of the occupying powers
ARTIFICIAL BORDERS
dividing tribes and ethnic groups or joining them together
INEQUALITIES
global production of goods
colonies --> cheap raw materials
mother countries sold them with a high value
VIOLENCE
new social order based on racial discrimination
ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES
racial discrimination
not everyone enjoyed
