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04 IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES - Coggle Diagram
04 IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
During the last third of the 19th century (Second Industrial Revolution)
most important European states
expanded by colonising territories all over the world
CAUSES
The need for raw materials
Industrial development
new consumer markets all over the world
Rivalry between industrialised countries
to guarantee a supply of raw materials
to secure trade routes
to obtain political prestige
Intense population growth in Europe
overseas emigration
between 1871 and 1911
33 million European left the continent
USA
Canada
Brazil
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe had a feeling of racial superiority
they wanted to
civilise
the rest of the world
religious missions
to evangelise the colonised people
scientific missions to explore the geography of the new territories
The mother country
the imperialist state on which a colony depended
it had all the powers
political
military
economic
social
cultural
COLONIAL EMPIRES IN 1914
British Empire
the most powerful: almost a 1/4 of the world (345 million inhabitants)
The French Empire was the 2nd
2 COLONIAL TERRITORIES
COLONISATION OF AFRICA
Berlin West Africa Conference in 1885
how Africa would be divided among European powers
Germany feared that they would get a smaller share due to
their late unification
The British Empire
wanted to establish a large belt of colonies in north Africa
from Egypt to Cape Town
other countries wanted to prevent this
France
controlled the Sahara and its bordering countries
Portugal
controlled large inland areas
France and Portugal
wanted to establish corridors from the Atlantic to the Indian coast of Africa
AFRICA IN 1870
AFRICA IN 1914
Colonialism
Imperialist expansion
depended on the circumstances of each colonised territory
Inland Africa
almost completely unexplored
Asia
a number of ancient deep-rooted cultures and religions, such as Islam
Two enormous countries
China
India
America
almost all of its countries were independent
It is a system
the mother country exploits the colonies according to its interests
DAVID LIVINGSTONE
Scottish missionary and explorer
represents the scientific endeavours of the explorers who colonised much of the planet
fought against slavery
COLONISATION OF ASIA
the Indian Peninsula was colonised by the British
‘the jewel in the Crown’
Indochina
controlled by France
Malaysia
British
Indonesia
Dutch
China
an independent country
ruled by its emperor and ancient institutions
effects of imperialist pressures from Europe and the USA
China had to
cede control of its mines
allow areas of importance for foreign trade to be divided between the colonists
open up ports in important coastal cities to international trade
Canton
Shanghai
British took advantage of the Chinese authorities’ initial tolerance of opium consumption
smuggled the drug to make large amounts of money
it harmed the population's health
First Opium War (1839–1842)
Chinese were defeated
Treaty of Nanking in 1842
Hong Kong became a British royal colony.
Japanese imperialism
between the late 19th and early 20th centuries
It relied on its
militaristic tradition
weapons technology
penetration into neighbouring foreign markets
Japan lacked of certain raw materials(coal and iron)
therefore
hegemony in the Pacific.
BOXER REBELLION (1899-1901)
Chinese opposition to the policies imposed by foreign powers in China
aim: to expel the colonists
THE HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
annexation of
Hawaiian Islands
the Philippines
Puerto Rico
several Pacific archipelagos
the Panama Canal
Cuba
They left it in 1902
the right to have a military intervention whenever they wanted
they fought Spain
encouraged Panama to separate from Colombia
defeated he Philippine rebels in a cruel war
nearly a million civilian victims
3 TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Colonies
Mother country controlled everything in the country
Economy
Culture
Politics
In many parts of Africa
The Belgian Congo
In Indochina by France
Protectorates
Mother country only controlled
economic matters and foreign relations
Mainly used in Asia
The British in India
France and Spain in Morocco
Dominions
Territories of the British Empire
occupied almost entirely by a new population of European origin
great autonomy
their own institutions
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
4 CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
Negative impact on the locals that lived in the colonies
extreme violence
atrocities like the genocide in the Belgian Congo
severely altered the social structure of the indigenous populations
new social order
racial discrimination against the indigenous peoples by the colonists
breakdown of the traditional tribal society
As it was based on the colonisers' own interests
new artificial borders were created
dividing or joining tribes and ethnic groups
conflicts in the future
inequalities in the global production of goods
colonies specialised in producing cheap raw materials
mother countries manufactured and sold industrial products of higher added value
advances in industrialised countries
medicine
laws
administration
not everybody enjoyed these benefits
racial discrimination
STRATEGIC CONTROL OVER CANALS
Panama Canal (opened in 1914)
the Suez Canal (opened in 1869)
to shorten international shipping routes
for political reasons
strategic control of large areas of the world
Trade was linked to usage by the investors and companies
involved in the canals’ construction
FASHODA INCIDENT (1898)
diplomatic dispute between France and Great Britain
Both wanted South Sudan and they reached there at the same time
