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IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES, image, image, image, image, image, image…
IMPERIALISM AND COLONIAL EMPIRES
IMPERIALISM
Causes
Industrial development
Required new raw materials
Were found in territories
Far away from Europe
Industrial production
Demanded new consumer markets
To be established
All over the world
Rivalry between industrialised countries
Competed with each other
To guarantee a supply of raw materials
To secure trade routes
To obtain political prestige
Intense population growth
Led to more overseas emigration
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’
The rest of the world
With a feeling of racial superiority
Colonial expansion
Religious missions
To evangelise
The colonised peoples
Scientific missions
To explore the geography
Of the new territories
Colonial empires in 1914
The mother country
The imperialist state
On which a colony depended
Held all aspects of power:
COLONIAL TERRITORIES
Colonialism
The mother country
Exploited the colonies
According to its interests
European empires expanded
Depending on the circumstances
Of each colonised territory
Colonisation of Africa
Berlin West Africa Conference
Organised by Germany
To decide how Africa would be divided
Amongst the European powers
All had different interests
Because of its late unification
Germany feared that it would miss
Its opportunity for colonial expansion
The British Empire
Wanted to establish a large belt of colonies
From Egypt to Cape Town
France
Controlled the Sahara and its bordering countries
Portugal
Controlled large inland areas
That it had reached from the ports
David Livingstone
A Scottish missionary and explorer
Travelled to remote parts of Africa
And fought against slavery
Colonisation of Asia
Great Britain
The Indian Peninsula
‘The jewel in the Crown’
Malaysia
France
Indochina
The Dutch
Replaced Portugal
Over modern-day Indonesia
China
Still an independent country
Had to cede control of its mines
Had to allow areas of importance
For foreign trade
Opened up ports
In important coastal cities
Canton and Shanghai
To international trade
The British
Took advantage of
The tolerance of opium consumption
Smuggled the drug
To make large amounts of money
The Chinese rebelled
First Opium War
Were defeated by the British
Boxer Rebellion
Hegemony of the United Sates
Began numerous military interventions
To defend its interests
Several countries were annexed
The Hawaiian Islands, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, etc.
Left the island of Cuba in 1902
Reserved the right to military intervention
TYPES OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT
Colonies
Weak local power
Allowed mother countries
To control all aspects of the country
Economic, political and cultural
This model was applied
In many parts of Africa
The Congo
Controlled by the Belgians
In Indochina
Controlled by France
Protectorates
The mother country
Decided not to intervene in matters
Of local politics
Controlled only
Economic matters and foreign relations
Was used primarily in Asia
The British protectorate
In India
France and Spain
Had protectorates in Morocco
Dominions
Territories of the British Empire
With their own institutions
With great autonomy
Canada, Australia and New Zealand
CONSEQUENCES OF IMPERIALISM
Artificial borders
Territories were divided
Based on the interests
Of the occupying powers
Divided tribes and ethnic groups
Or joined them together
Resulted in conflicts
Inequalities
Colonies
Specialised in producing
Cheap raw materials
Mother countries
Manufactured and sold
Industrial products
Of higher added value
Violence
The genocide in the Belgian Congo
Colonisation
Altered the social structure
Of the indigenous populations
A new social order
Was imposed
Based on racial discrimination
Against the indigenous peoples
Advances in industrialised countries
Medicine, law and administration
Due to racial discrimination
Not everybody enjoyed
These benefits
Strategic control over canals
The great powers wanted
The Panama Canal
The Suez Canal
To be built for two reasons
Shorten international shipping routes
Political reasons
