PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY
Phonemes
Pitch Levels
Stress
Allophones
Slants: / /
Phonemic transcriptions
Vowels
Dipthongs
Consonants
Terminals
Brackets [ ]
the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme
even if a set of words are considered to be the same sound (phonemically) although they are different phonetically in terms of aspiration, voicing, and point of articulation
square brackets refer to the formal aspect of speech sounds
a phonetic transcription should be enclosed in square brackets "[ ]"
the intensity given to a syllable of speech by special effort in utterance, resulting in relative loudness
For words:
for two syllable words, nouns and adjectives have the stress on the first syllable, but verbs have the stress on the second syllable
Group of words:
These groups each express an idea, which may be complete or incomplete
a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure above the glottis.
The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u
a gliding vowel in the articulation of which there is a continuous transition from one position to another
a sound or a group of different sounds perceived to have the same function by speakers of the language or dialect in question
the English phoneme /k/, which occurs in words such as cat, kit, scat, skit
any speech sound, such as that represented by t, g, f, or z, that is characterized by an articulation with a closure or narrowing of the vocal tract such that a complete or partial blockage of the flow of air is produced
the use of phonetic symbols to represent speech sounds
a transcription that specifically denotes only phonemic contrasts may be enclosed in slashes "/ /"
The relative level of intensity
Five pitch levels are defined: Bottom and Top of the speaker's pitch range, as well as Low, Mid, and High, which are determined on the basis of pitch changes in the local context.
a form of juncture consisting of a change in pitch before a pause, marking the end of an utterance or a break between utterances, as between clauses.