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Tutorial Task Week 6 (Memory Retention in Second Language Acquisition and…

- - - - Once an item is perceived, it enters primary memory (PM) with short-term storage. Rehearsal is necessary for the item to remain in PM; if rehearsal is long enough, the item may enter secondary memory (SM), which is long-term storage.
    - - The durability of a memory trace is determined by the depth to which it is processed” (p. 270). Semantic network models of memory deal with the storage of semantic, meaningful material.
- - - - McCafferty, Roebuck, and Wayland (2001) applied Zinchenko’s hypothesis, based on Vygotskiian Activity Theory, to second language acquisition to test if materials connected with the goal of an action would be better remembered than the materials connected with the means or conditions of action.
        
        Students were randomly
        assigned to experimental and control conditions. results showed that increased mental effort and the relation of a word to the goal of an activity enhanced vocabulary learning.
    - - Joe (1998) investigated whether generative
        processing tasks lead to vocabulary learning.
        
        The results indicated that the participants who performed the task and had high background knowledge outperformed those who did not perform the task and had low background knowledge.
    - - Ellis and He (1999) investigated the effects of various exposure conditions for 50 university intermediate learners of English who performed a listen-and-do task in three experimental groups
        
        The result indicates that Negotiation of new vocabulary in a collaborative and problem-solving manner led to deeper input processing.
- - - - VanPatten (1990) explored if learners could consciously attend to both form and
        meaning when processing input.
        
        University students were assigned to four conditions: attention to meaning alone, simultaneous attention to meaning with an important lexical item, a grammatical factor, and a verb form. . Results indicated that simultaneous processing was rather difficult for learners.