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why do youths join gangs? - Coggle Diagram
why do youths join gangs?
merton
STRAIN THEORY: if there is little chance of obtaining goals, a situation of anomie is created ( a moral vacuum), blocked success leads to deviance to achieve goals illegitimately as they cant legitimately
5 responses to anomie: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, rebellion
conformity= accepting cultural goals and means
retreatism= reject cultural goals and means
innovation= accept goals but not means
rebellion= new goals and means create
ritualism= accept means but not goals
CRITICISMS- society may not have a value consensus, doesn't explain crime that can't be explained through strain/ anomie, exaggerates w/c crime and ignores white collar crime
cohen- status frustration
delinquent groups gain status through being strong and good in fights
face a gap in educational success/ jobs and financial success, drawn into offending as it provides status
New Right perspective
inappropriate socialisation leads to: deviant norms, dependency culture, criminality, laziness
(Murray) condemns single mothers raising young males, leads to poor impulse control and lack of discipline
inappropriate socialisation into value consensus
(Murray) for young women it can cause them to be emotionally damage thus search for a father figure leading to teen/ young pregnancy
Murray view single parent families as more influential than poverty
interactionists
labelled person accepts and internalises it, SFP
examples of media exaggeration on youth: knife crime, gangs, girls, binge drinking
labelling- claims that w/c youth are labelled by powerful groups like the media
labels towards youth: yobs, thugs, lazy
deviancy amplification= media exaggeration leads to moral panic and magnifying actions/ behaviour
Cloward and Ohlin
lack of opportunities available to attain valued goals
3 subcultural responses to BO: conflict, retreatism, criminal
criminal= hierarchy of opportunity, learn from older peers
conflict= unstable areas, high mobility, no hierarchy, gangs formed to defend areas
retreatism= fail to achieve legitimate or illegitimate means, retreat from society's values
Marxist perspective
believe that youth join gangs as a resistance to capitalism and societal control, an express of proletariat identity and identity being threatened
Left Realists
believe there are 3 explanations: relative deprivation, marginalisation and subculture
marginalisation= pushed away from society, powerless with no political voice to express feelings or frustration, young lack power, rights and respect
relative deprivation= people feeling deprived when comparing themselves to others
subculture= developed to deal with relative deprivation and marginalisation