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Chapter 1.3 Interpret Reference model of OSI and TCP/IP - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 1.3 Interpret Reference model of OSI and TCP/IP
Element of data communication systems
:soccer: Message
:check: it is the information to be communicated
:check: includes text, pictures, audio, video and etc
:soccer: Sender
:check: it is the device which sends the data messages.
:check: it can be a computer, telephone handset and etc
Receiver
:check: It is the device which receives the data messages
:check: it can be computer, workstation, telephone handset
:soccer: Transmission Medium
:check: it is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver.
:check: include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, radio waves and etc
:soccer: Protocol
:check: it is set of rules that governs the data communications
:check: represents an agreement between the communicating devices
Rule Establishment
Protocols are necessary for effective communication and include:
:red_flag: An identified sender and receiver
:red_flag: Common language and grammar
:red_flag: Speed and timing of delivery
Protocols used in network communications also define:
:red_flag: Message encoding
:red_flag: Message delivery options
:red_flag: Message Formatting and Encapsulation
:red_flag: Message Timing
:red_flag: Message Size
Message Encoding
:explode: Encoding between hosts must be in
appropriate format for the medium.
:explode: Messages are first converted into bits by
the sending host.
Message Formatting and Encapsulation
:explode: There is an agreed format for letters and addressing letters which is required for proper delivery.
:explode: Putting the letter into the addressed envelope
is called encapsulation.
Message Size
:explode: Humans break long messages into smaller parts or
sentences.
:explode: Long messages must also be broken into smaller
pieces to travel across a network.
Message Timing
:explode: Access Method
:explode: Flow Control
:explode: Response Timeout
Message Delivery Options
:explode: One-to-one delivery
:explode: One-to-many delivery
:explode: One-to-all delivery
Communication methods
:soccer: Source (Sender) - Message sources are people, or electronic devices, that need to communicate a message to other individuals or devices.
:soccer: Destination (Receiver) - The destination receives the message and interprets it.
:soccer: Channel (Media) - Provides the pathway over which the message can travel from source to destination.
Among the protocols for successful human
communication are:
Identification of sender and receiver
Agreed-upon medium or channel (face-to-face,
telephone, letter, photograph)
Appropriate communication mode (spoken, written,
illustrated, interactive or one-way)
Common language
Grammar and sentence structure
Speed and timing of delivery
Network Protocols
define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices.
Some common networking protocols are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Internet Protocol (IP).
Protocol Interaction
Communication between a web server and web client is an example of an interaction between several protocols:
HTTP
an application protocol that governs the way a web server and a web client interact.
TCP
transport protocol that manages the individual conversations.
IP
encapsulates the TCP segments into packets, assigns addresses, and delivers to the destination host.
Ethernet
allows communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media.
Protocol Suites and Industry Standards
A protocol suite is a set of protocols that work together to provide comprehensive network communication services.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
The Benefits of Using a Layered Model
:check: Assisting in protocol design since protocols at each layer have defined functions.
:check: Fostering competition because products from different vendors can work together.
:check: Preventing technology changes in one layer from affecting other layers.
The OSI Reference Model
Application
contains protocols used for process-to-
process communications.
Presentation
provides for common representation of
the data.
Session
provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.
Transport
defines services to segment, transfer, and
reassemble the data.
Network
provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.
Data Link
provides methods for exchanging data frames
between devices over a common media.
Physical
describes the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to transmit bits across physical connections.
OSI Model and TCP/IP Model
OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison
Similarities
:star: share similar
architecture.
:star: share a common
application layer
:star: Both models have comparable transport and network layers.
Differences
:star: Protocol standard
:star: combines the presentation and session layer issues into its application layer
:star: a simple model
