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Comparing criminal behaviour and deviance (AC1.1) - Coggle Diagram
Comparing criminal behaviour and deviance (AC1.1)
Deviant Behaviour
Norms: Social rules which define correct and approved behaviour- Personal Space, holding a door open
Moral Codes: Basic rules, values and principles held by an individual group- Police code
Values: General beliefs about what is right or wrong- British Values
Formal and Informal Sanctions
Informal: not formally written down- frowning upon behaviour, name calling, labelling
Formal: Imposed by authoritative figures- police, schools. Written rules
Sanctions can be positive- used as a reward for correct behaviour in society- all a form of social control.
Forms of Deviance
Admired- considered good or admirable
Odd- odd or different from most
Bad- deviant because it is bad
Criminologists are mostly interested in bad behaviour as it is regarded as unacceptable in society.
Criminal behaviour
Criminal behaviour depends on the time when the it occurred the place which it occurred and the cultural expectations which it is subject to.
Social definition: as society changes so does peoples understanding of crime. Crime is socially constructed.
Crimes have usually bad consequences for people
Universally disapprove of sex offenders
Reflect public opinion
Legal definition: anything which goes against the laws which are put in place.
have to have an actus reus and mens rea
Not all offences require a mens rea:
Strict Liability- the wrongful act on its own is enough to convict someone
Conviction
decision on sentence: the victim, seriousness of crime, why did they do it? did they mean to do it?
Key points when sentencing:
Seriousness
Harm caused
Blame
Criminal Record
Personal Circumstance
Remorse
Guilty Plea- up to 1/3 off sentence
Types of sentencing:
Prison
Community sentences
Fines
Discharge
Prison:
Used as a deterrent for further crimes, used for repeat offenders who commit serious crimes, public perception, no other sentence will do.
Spend 1/2 of the sentence in prison and 1/2 in the community
Community Sentences:
Unpaid work 40-200 hours
Treatment e.g alcohol treatment
Discharge:
Charges can be completely dropped or come with condition
Court Sanctions:
Custodial Sentences: Immediately go to prison. Mandatory and discretionary life sentences and fixed term.
Community Sentences:
serve in the community rather than in jail.
Fines- can be up to an unlimited amount. Looks into the offender
Discharge: can be conditional or absolute
Police Sanctions:
Cautions: For a minor crime- it is not a criminal conviction, have to agree to be cautioned or you may be arrested
Conditional Cautions: agree to certain rules and restrictions, failure to do so may lead to charge
Penalty notices: only get it is you are 18+. Will not be convicted if you pay the penalty.
Types of offences:
Summary: less serious- tried by magistrates (95% of all cases)
Indictable: most serious- tried by crown court before a judge and jury