Hardware and operating
systems
Computer language and fuction
This is known as the binary system.
The smallest untilof information that we can store on a computer is called a bit.
For the comunication computer only use the numbers 1 and 0.
Eight bits together form a byte.
ASCII
We give a code to each of the letters of the alphabet, and to the characters computers use, so that we can atore them.
Uses 7 bits to store up to 128 different characters.
Computer fuctions
fuctions of computers
Compuers process and store information in the form to text, numbers, photographs, music and so on.
Software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage the data
When we use a computer to do calculations, change the font of a text or change the colours in a picture, we are processing information.
We use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move, like the mouse and keyboard.
output of data using peripheral devices
Storing data in the storage devices
input of data using peripheral devices
Processing data in the central procesing until, using the microprocessor and the memory.
Computer elements
Memory and units of storage
Motherboad and conecting devices
Microprocessor
The microprocessor is an integrated circuit made up of millons if tiny transistors working together to process the istructions and data received from the memory.
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Computer history is very closely linked to the development of integrated circuits or chips
Today' s microprocessors can process 64 bits at a time
A microprocessor's power depends on its cache memory and the RAM
The clock rate
Cache memory
ROM BIOS
RAM
Storage devices
The computer's main memory is its RAM: random acces memory
To his memory so that the microprcessor can use them
This is because acessing the hard disk is very slow
RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor: the cache memory
The cache memory stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often
If everithing is correct, the BIOS starts the operating system in the main memory, so that this system can take control of the computer
We use the data storage units to permanently save this data
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optical discs
solid-state memory
magnetic disks
It is like a miniature city. The communication between this components takes place through sets of copper wires called buses
components
Inside the coputer you will find a large board we call it the motherboard.
Connecting external devices
Shots they can be used to expand or add new components, such as a modem, sound card, network card and so on.
The IDE (integrated device electronics) or ATA (advanced technology attachment) and SATA (serial ATA) connectors connect the hard disk
The chipset is a number of integrated circuits designed to perform related functions
Various input \ output ports
physiclly connect
By special connectors on the motherboard, for such devices as the hard disk, DVD drives and so on
Using the external ports on the side or back of the computer, for example, the USB port
Using an expansion slot on the motherboard slot on the motherboard, to conect a sound card or as graphics card
We also need to install a driver that allows the device to communicate with the operating system
The operating system automatically installs drivers for most devices
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Asistente para agregar hardware
informe sobre nuevos dispositivos
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Administrador de dispositivos
Gestor de dispositivos
Software and operating systems
types
Applications
Programming lenguages
Operating system
Presentations
Database management tools
Spreadsheets
Drawing programs
Word processors
Antivirus software, file compressors, web browsersand webmail sofware, games and so on.
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The operating system
It is the first thing that appears when you turn on your computer
Different computers can have different types of software, but they all need an operating system
The operating system provides a working enviromment thet makes it easy to access all the various applications
The most used operating systems are Windows, Linux and Mac OS
When we save the document, the operating system looks for free space on the hard disk and trabsfers the data from the memory to that space
To print, click on IMPRIMIR, and the world processor will send the command to the operating system, which sends the appropriate signals to the printer
The program is now the active application. It receives data from the kayboard and sends instructions to the microprocessor through the operating system.
When we close the word processor, the operating system deletes the application from the memory, though not from the hard disk
The operating system finds the application on the hard disk, sends a copy of if to the RAM, and loads it onto the screen
Functions of the operating system
manages the memory and storage systems
provides an interface or working environment
manages the microprocessor
communication between applications and peripheral devices
Computer networks
A computer network is a set of computers connencted to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information
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metropolitan area networks
wide area networks
local area networks or LANs
Elements in a network
The hub distributes all of the information it receives between the other computers in the network
This information travels down a transmission mediem, normally a cable similar to a telephone wire with an RJ15 connector on he end
Each computer needs an adaptor or network card to send information to the other computers and receive information back
Wireless networks
WLANs, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data. All computers need to have a wireless network card
Wireless access points we can use that to transmit data through wires or elecrogmagnetic waves
Shared internet acces
Internet Connection Sharing
Router
Sharing resources in Windows
Sharing a printer
Sharing files and folers
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Right click on the printer that yoyu want to share and select Compartir
Select compartir esta impresora
To open the printes and faxes folder, go to inicio y faxes
Make the printer the default
Select the network printer through the application you are using
Sharing a folder
Accessing a shared folder
Sharing resources in linux
Sharing a printer
Sharing folders
Sharing a computer
to create your user account, go to sistema, administration and usuarios y grupos.
To create a new user, click on añadir usuario. Enter the user data.
Go to Sistema, Administración and Impresoras to open the printer configuration tool. Here you can install and manage printers.
Click to Nuevo to Install more printers.
To share a folder on your own computer with others computers, right click on that folder and select Opciones de comparación.
Click on Crear comparacion, then select Añadir los permisos automáticamente in the final window.
To access a shared folder go to Lugares, Red.