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Unit 11 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 11
11.2 Movement
movement systems
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synovial joints: capsules surrounding articulating bone surfaces that allow for certain movements but not others ex. elbow, knee
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muscles:
- contract to provide the force required to produce the movement
- work in antagonistic pairs( one contracts + one relaces)
antagonistic muscle pairs & grass hoppers
- have hind legs=speciliased for jumping
tibia (middle leg)
- flexor tibiae muscle
- extensor tibae muscle
flexor muscle contracts=the extensor muscle relaxes
- tibia and femur are brought closer tgt
- this retrracts the hind in prepration gor pushing off the ground
extensor muscle contracts = the flexor muscle relaxes
- tibia is pushed away from the femus = extends the hind and cause the insect to jump
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skeletons
- support
- attachemnt points for muscles
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exoskeletons(outside)=connected segments
- bone + exoskeleton = levers (moving in response to muscular contraction
-made of chitin
synovial joins: are capsules that surround the articulating surfaces of two bones
function: maintain structural stability by allowing certain movements
muscle firbre is a cell
- cell membrane = sacrolemma
- cytoplasm=sacroplasm
endoplasmic reticulum= sacroplasmic reticulum
features
- many mitochondira =increase cellular respiration to generate atp
- large amounts of stored glycogen
- many nuclei= allow for contractions
contains mainy myofibrils=form contracting units
myofibres:
- inside muscle cell + parallel to each other
- made of repeating units=sacromere
sacromere
- actin + myosin
extends from z line to z line
muscle contraction
- depolarisation + calcium ion release
- actin and mysoin cross-bridge formation
- slidgin mechanism of actin and myosin filaments
- sacromere shortening (muscle contraction)
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- depolarisation and calcium ion release