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HYDROCARBON DERVIATIVES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Naming: IUPAC: The alkane name is changed to -al. Common: the first five aldehydes use prefixes: form (1c), acet (2c), propion (3c), butyr (4c) and valer (5c).
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        Propanal (propionaldehyde)
        
        Ethanal (acetaldehyde)
  - - - Naming: IUPAC: The alkane is replaced with -one. Common: alkyl groups are attached to the carbonyl group alphabetically and add ketone. Ex. propanone (dimethyl ketone)
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        Propanone (dimethyl ketone)
        
        2- butanone (ethyl methyl ketone)
  - - - Naming: Take names of the alkyl group written as separate words in alphabetical order. the word ether is added at the end , adding the name of the radicals in alphabetical order.
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        Methyl ether
        
        Ethyl methyl ether
  - - - Naming IUPAC: replacing the -e, name the longest chain with -oic acid. Common: using prefixes form (1c), acet (2c), propion (3c), butyr (4c) and valer (5c).
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        Ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
        
        Propanoic acid (propionic acid)
  - - - Naming
        IUPAC: replaces -e in alkane name with -ol ex. methanol, ethanol. (with longer chains, number from the end nearest to -OH. Common: alkyl followed by alcohol ex. methanol (methyl alcohol)
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        common: Propyl alcohol IUPAC: 1 - pronanol
        
        2- metyl - 1 butanol
  - - - Naming Changing the -ic ending to -ate and adding the name of the corresponding radical. IUPAC: methyl ethanoate. Common: methyl acetate
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        propyl ethanoate
        
        Ethyl propionate
- - - - Contain two halogen atoms per molecule, ex. CH2CI2 (Dichloromethane or methylene chloride)
    - - Contain three halogen atoms per molecule, ex. CHCI3 ( trichloro methane or chloroform)
    - - Contain one halogen atom per molecule, ex. CH3CI (chloromethane or meethyl chloride)
    - - Contain four halogen atoms per molecule, ex. CCI4 ( tetrechloro methane or carbon tetrachloride)
- - - - Are named by listing names of any alkyl groups following by amine
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        ethyldimethylamine
        
        dimethylamine
  - - - Have an amino (-NH2) group that replaces the -OH group
        
        Are named by: changing the end of the name of the corresponding carboxylic acid to amide. IUPAC: Methanamide. Common: use prefixes, form (1c), acet (2c), propion (3c), butyr (4c) and valer (5c). ex. Formamide
        
        EXAMPLES
        
        Butanamide (butryamide)
        
        N,N-diethylacetamide