LIPIDS

hydrophobic molecules

functions

insulation

energy storage

protection

lubrication

cell membranes

hormone precursors

they're all insoluble in water

phobic = fear of

hydro = water

STEROIDS

TRYGLICERIDS

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

WAXES

fats are solid at room temperature

oils are liquid at room temperature

STORAGE

butter

corn oil

3 fatty acids

glycerol

hydrocarbon chain

methyl group

acid group

saturated = C-C single bonds

unsaturated = C-C double bonds

they have an higher melting point -> fats

they have a lower melting point -> oils

TRANS

formed during the production of

processed food

H atoms are introduced to increase shelf life and melting point of the fat

cardiovascular disease

formed through

dehydration synthesis (+ 3H2O)

glycerol

2 fatty acids

phosphate group

HYDROPHILIC head

HYDROPHOBIC tail

they form a structure where

the hydrophilic heads face outwards

the hydrophobic tails face inwards

towards water

away from water

cell membranes

four rings with different funcional groups

cholesterol

is needed for

synthesis of other steroids

cortisone

estrogen

plasma membrane

testosterone

vitamin D

it stabilizes the membrane

non polar

leaves

ears of animals

honeycomb

long-chain fatty acid bonded to a long-chain alcohol

HYDROGENATION

converts liquid tryglicerides to solid ones