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PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM : THE VOWELS - Coggle Diagram
PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM : THE VOWELS
Phonetics
is the science concern with the study of sounds and speech processes (acoustic and physiological). It also provides methods for their description, classification and transcription.
ARTICULATORY PHONETICS:
Organs of speech
and how sounds are articulated
ACOUSTIC PHONETICS
: The way sounds are transmitted,
the physical properties of speech sounds
AUDITORY PHONETICS:
The way speech sounds are perceived
Phonology
studies the sounds from the point of view of their working in a language. It investigates the phonic differences and rules according to which these are combined to form significants.
SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY
Analyses phones
SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY
Stress, rhythm and intonation
TYPES OF SOUNDS
VOWELS
Sounds that are produced withouth any obstruction in the air passage. Only tongue is involved.
CONSONANTS
Sounds articulated by temporary obstruction in the air stream which passes through the mouth. Depends on the articulators
Phonemes:
All the phonetic specifications of phones. It is the smalles independent unit that can bring about a change in meaning
Articulators
give the sound the final shape: tongue, palate, teeth, lips and vocal cords
Once the air has been expelled, the
resonators
produce the sounds: pharynx, mouth and nose
VOWELS (12)
Front vowels
/i:/, /ɪ/, /e/, /æ/
Back vowels
/u:/, /ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /ʌ/, /ɒ/ /ɑ:/.
Central vowels
/ə/ /ɜː/
position of tongue elevation
Short Vowels
/æ, e, ʌ, I, ɒ, ʊ, ə /
Long vowels
/a:, ɜ:, i:, ɔː, u:/
Weak forms
Unstressed position
Arise naturally from the rhythm of English which is based on stress-timing in connected speech.
/ə/
Appear at the beginning, middle, and end of words
Strong forms
Stressed position
Quoting, beign contrasted or end of the sentence
Openness of the mouth
Close
/i:/,/ɪ/, /u:/, /u/
Open
/æ/, /a:/, /ʌ/, /ɒ/
Mid-position
/e/,/ɔ:/, /ə/, /ɜː/.
Lip shape
Rounded
/u:/
Unrounded
/i:/
Neither rounded or unrounded
/ə/
Lenght of the sound
position of the tongue in horizontal
High
/i:/,/ɪ/, /u:/, /u/
Low
/æ/, /a:/, /ʌ/, /ɒ/
Mid-position
/e/, /ɜː/
DIPHTHONGS
There are 8 in RP Vowel System
All falling since the first element is longer and stronger of the second one
CLOSING DIPHTHONGS
There is a glide from one open vowel to a close vowel, so there is movement upwards towards a closer position of the tongue
/eɪ / as in “day”;
/aɪ / as in “buy”;
:
/ Ɔɪ/ as in “boy”;
/ ǝu / as in “blow”
/ au / as in “house”
CENTRING DIPHTHONGS
There is always a glide from a front or back vowel to the central vowel /ǝ/, so there is a movement inwards towards the centre of the mouth
/ɪə/ as in “beer”
ɛə/ as in “there”
/uə/ as in “poor”.
TRIPHTONGHS
They are all made up of a closing diphthong followed by a schwa
/eɪə / (player)
/aɪə / (fire)
/ Ɔɪə / (employer)
ǝuə / (slower)
/ auə / (flower)
