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CH10-Implementation and Instruments - Coggle Diagram
CH10-Implementation and Instruments
meaning of implementation
(Pressman and Wildavsky, 1979)
Process of interaction between the setting of goals and
action geared to achieve them
implementation instruments
Expenditure
Expenditure and contracting
Investment and procument
Public enterprise
Public-private partnership
Monitoring and evaluation
Promotion
Financial incentives
Subsidies and tax incentives
Rebates, rewards and survey bonds
Vouchers
Grants and loans
Taxes and chargers
Pricing
Voluntary instruments
Information and education
Voluntary associations and nongovernmental associations
Technical assistance
Argument and persuasion
Non-intervention
non –intervention or deliberate
Regulatory instruments
Quid pro Quos – exchange of certain rights
Tradable permits – pollution permits
Removal of Property rights –removal of property rights
License, permits, consents and standards
Laws
three approaches of implementation
Bottom up
Interactional approaches
Top down