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Sensation and Perception (Part 3) - Coggle Diagram
Sensation and Perception (Part 3)
(a)
Perception brings meang to senstion although it is an imperfect representation
Complementary Processess
Bottom-up processing ~ analyze raw data through the 5 senses, characterise of the stimulus
Top-down processing ~ Use existing knowledge to interpret the stimulus. Relies on perceiver's expectations, memories and other cognitive functions
Perceptual Constancies ~ Ability to recognize object different circumstances
Shape Constancy
Shape of an object does not change due to angle. Visual Illusion through distortion.
Brightness Constancy
Relative brightness in relation to the surrounding
Size Constancy
Ability to recognise proportion. Size of objects changes to the angle and our brain is able to fill in the details accordingly.
Concept of relative size
Color Constancy
Colors os object remains the same despite the enironmental factor
Theories
Percept ~ Meaningful product of perception
Binding Problem ~ unsolved mystery concerning the processes used by the brain to combine many aspects of the sensation and perception
Feature detectors ~ Cells in the cortex that specialize in detection of specific stimulus features
(b) Gesalt laws of perceptual grouping
Definitions
Gestalt ~"configurations" or "patterns"
Gestalt Principle ~ "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts"
Gestalt Psychology ~ View that much of perception is shaped by innate factors built into the brain
The Gestalt Psychology
Figure-ground segregation
Figure ~ Part of the pattern that commands attention
Ground ~ Part of the pattern that does not command attention; the background
6 Laws of Perceptual Grouping
Continuity ~ Tendency to see lines in a continuous manner
Common Fate ~ Tendency to see a group moving in the same manner
Proximity ~ Tendency to group objects based on how close they are to one another
Pragnanze (Law of Simplicity/Law of Good Figure) ~ Tendency to see shapes in the simplest form
Similarity ~ Tendency to group on similarity
Closure ~ Tendency to fill-the-gap
(c)Depth Perception ~ To perceive the world in 3D
Binocular Disparity (Retinal Disparity)
The left and right eye do not focus on the same object, as it diverge away from a common focal point after starting at an image, the eyes will tire and stimulates a 3D image
Binocular Rivary ~ When the left and right eye conflicts over what to perceive
Monocular Cues
Relative Height ~ Height information granting us details on distance
Relative Brigthness ~ Dark area is associated with receding while bright patches are sticking out. Brain is used to perceive light source is from the top naturally
Interposition (overlap) ~ The ability to itdentify what is in the foreground and background based on blocking
Texture Gradient ~ Sharpness
Linear Perspective ~Line tends to converge to a point
Atmospheric / Aerial Perspective ~ Hazier
Relative Size
Relative Motion ~ Motion Parallax, e.g. looking into the sky and the moon seems to be following you, and closer objects are moving away from you