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Rehabilitation Programs and Recidivism Rates in Prisons, these articles…

- - - - "Norway places low-level offenders in open prisons with more freedom and responsibilities than in US prisons, and high-level offenders in closed prisons with more security. This provides much more separation between minor and hardened criminals than exists in the United States."
      - "They experience an immediate 25 percentage point drop in employment due to incarceration, and this effect continues out to year five. This drop is almost entirely explained by defendants losing their jobs with their previous employers while they are in prison."
      - "In Norway, the average time spent in prison is a little over six months, which is similar to most other Western European countries. This contrasts with average of US prison time of almost three years, which is in large part the reason the United States is an outlier in its incarceration rate compared with the rest of the world."
      - C- This article was published on March 1, 2020.
      - R- This is intended for anyone who is interested in prisons across the world. They have different circumstances and regulations for all inmates.
      - Main Ideas: In European countries, the prisons treat it more as a treatment rather than a punishment. Because of this, the rooms come with more amenities. As a result, these countries see a lower report of reoffending.
      - A- This was written by Gordon B. Dahl and Mange Mogstad and published by the National Bureau of Economic Research
      - Specific Points: I will describe a European jail cell versus an American one and draw contrasts from how different they are. This is a very important part as we see where money is going. On one side it's going towards the facility and rooms, but on the other side it isn't going towards the prisons at all.
      - A- This information comes from European reports, along with well known sociologists like Robert Martinson.
      - P- The purpose of this article is to let people know the differences between European prisons and American prisons and the cause and effect this has on recidivism.
  - - - "According to the Bureau of Prisons, in 2017 it cost over $36,000 per year to house each inmate. Some people argue that this is because prison is “too nice” and that prisoners get too many privileges like television and the commissary. But as we’ve gone over already, the harsher the prison conditions and term, the higher the likelihood of recidivism."
      - "Although recidivism has always been an issue, its explosion since the 80s and 90s in the US is unprecedented anywhere else in the world. To begin with, our incarceration rate is the highest on the planet. Countries like Iran, China, and Russia — nations synonymous in the US with draconian, authoritarian police states — all incarcerate a smaller percentage of their populations than the US does, and by a rate of about 7%."
      - "A 2018 study update by the Bureau of Justice shows us that, on the state level, five out of six prisoners released ended up re-offending and going back to jail within nine years of release."
      - Main Ideas: The price to convict an inmate and house then would be significantly more expensive than placing them in a rehabilitation program. This pattern leads to heavy debt in the systems.
      - Specific Points: I will include the money perspective of this, and compare it to the other countries provided. This pattern has been going on for decades and I will also include the money from a rehabilitation standpoint versus a cell.
      - C- This article was most recently published in 2023.
      - R- This is intended for anyone who is interested in learning about the pattern involving money going to prisons.
      - A- This was written by a team of 18 people who are involved in the RED program.
      - A- This information comes from the Bureau of Prisons and the Bureau of Justice.
      - P- The purpose of this article is to inform people about how much it costs to house inmates and what other alternatives we could turn this money to, to enforce an end to recidivism.
  - - - They are also encouraged to maintain a healthy measure of autonomy and personal agency in organizing their daily lives — they cook their own meals and are provided with an array of vocational training and educational programs, as well as various treatment options. They are given ample opportunities to maintain contact with family and friends, and they can all earn the award of brief periods of temporary leave from prison."
      - Contrast this with the U.S. corrections system, where penal life and settings are ordered around the paramount goals of “custody and order.” American prison life is built upon the dehumanizing rituals of induction, initiation, hierarchy, degradation and routine, all designed to assert authority and control over the bodies and lives of incarcerated people. Individuality is stripped away upon prison entry, replaced by an inmate number and a standardized, nondescript uniform."
      - Discipline is very finely graded and disciplinary measures are closely tied to violations. Least restrictive sanctions are preferred, such as reprimands, brief restrictions on money, property, movement or leisure activities, or delays in scheduled home leave. Punitive solitary confinement is almost never used and is tightly restricted to 8 hours. Unsurprisingly, violence is rare."
      - Main Ideas: There are many factors that go into the difference between American and European prisons. These factors eventually lead to a better outcome of inmates.They are less violent and have a more positive outlook on life.
      - Specific Points: I will include what American prisons focus on and describe them in detail. I will also do the European prisons and include how modern they are. I will talk about how these lead to two completely different outcomes.
      - C- This article was published on November 29, 2021
      - R- This is intended for anyone who is interested in learning about how different countries treat criminals
      - A- It was written by Ram Subramanian and published by the Brennan Center for Justice
      - A- This information comes from the federal and criminal systems of America and the European systems.
      - P- The purpose of this article is to let people know what prisons are like around the world. This gave in depth descriptions