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ATTACHMENT 1 - Coggle Diagram
ATTACHMENT 1
Meltzoff and Moore 1977
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Three facial gestures (e.g. tongue protrusion, mouth wide open, mouth tight shut)
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Attachment: a close, emotional bond between two people. It is a reciprocal (two-way) process that endures over time. Infants are not born ‘attached’. The attachment usually develops in set stages within the first 9 months.
evaluation
strength
Due to its highly controlled nature, fine details can be captured. For example, both the infant and the model can be filmed, often from multiple angles, ensuring that every detail can be recorded and observed and analysed later, making it unlikely that key behaviours are missed.
very young infants will be unaware of cameras and that they are being observed so their behaviour will not change (due to demand characteristics)
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weaknesses
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However, by using independent observers to judge the infants’ behaviour from watching the video, (they only watched the infants’ behaviour, not the model), so the judges had no idea what behaviour was being imitated
ruling out research bias, increasing the internal validity
Reciprocity
In the context of caregiver-infant interactions, reciprocity (or ‘turn-taking’) is where social interaction flows both ways between an adult and an infant. For example, reciprocity shown by a baby would be if the mum smiles and then the baby wriggles, or if the mum talks to the baby and the baby then gurgles.
interactional synchrony
interactional synchrony is an interaction when an infant or caregiver ‘mirrors’ the actions of the other person and this is carried out in a co-ordinated (synchronised) way; for example, an infant imitating a behaviour (e.g. a facial expression) and/or the emotions of their caregiver.