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Design And Technology, Evergreens trees with shrubs haveing usually Needle…

- - - - Cons
      - Pros
        
        normally more flexible then thermosetting especially when heated
        
        Can be formed into complex shapes
        
        can be reformed multipe times
    - - Uses
        
        Kitchen
        
        Medical products
        
        Rope
      - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Flexible
        
        Tough
        
        Light weight
        
        Food Safe
        
        Cons
    - - Uses
        
        Car Lights
        
        Alternative to glass
        
        Modern Baths
        
        Clothing
      - Pros And Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Tough
        
        Cons
        
        Brittle when thin
        
        Easily scratched
    - - uses
        
        Milk bottles
        
        Pipes
        
        Crates
        
        Wheelie bins
      - Pros And Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Light weight
        
        Chemical resistant
        
        Cons
    - - Uses
        
        Yoghurt Pots
        
        Vacumm Formed Products
      - Pros And Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Flexiable
        
        Impact resistant
        
        Lightweight
        
        Can be food safe
        
        Used for vacumm forming
        
        Cons
    - - Uses
        
        Rain coat
        
        Pipes
        
        Electrical Tape
      - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Flexible
        
        Easily extruded
        
        Tough and resistant to chemicals
        
        Cons
    - - Uses
        
        Drink bottles
        
        Food Containers
        
        Yarn
      - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Blow molded
        
        Chemicaly resistant
        
        Fully recycable
        
        Cons
  - - - Pros
        
        Resistant to higher temps
        
        Harder
        
        Good insulation
        
        Chemical resistant
      - Cons
        
        Burns
        
        More brittle
    - - Uses
        
        Encapsulation
        
        Boat hulls as (GRP)
      - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Good electrical insulator
        
        Hard
        
        Can be mixed with glass to become tough
        
        Cons
    - - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Good strength to weight ratio
        
        Good electrical insulator
        
        Heat resistant
        
        Cons
      - Uses
        
        Bonding waterproof coatings
        
        Electronic circuit boards
    - - Uses
        
        Heat resistant handles
        
        Electrical components
        
        Snooker balls
      - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Heat resistant
        
        Good electrical insulator
        
        Cons
    - - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Lighweight
        
        Hard
        
        Cons
        
        Brittle
      - Uses
        
        Worktop
        
        Surfaces
        
        kitchenware
    - - Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        High tensile strength
        
        heat resistant
        
        Good electrical insulator
        
        Hard
        
        Easily injection molded
        
        Cons
        
        Brittle
      - Uses
        
        Adhesives for bonding
        
        Particle Board
        
        Decrotive laminales
        
        electrical caseings
- - - - Natural
        
        Soft Wood
        
        What is Softwood
        
        Soft wood is any wood From a coniferous tree
        
        Coniferous Trees
        
        Types of Soft Wood
        
        Spruce
        
        Use
        
        Construction
        
        Furniture
        
        Musical Instruments
        
        Easy to work
        
        Larch
        
        Uses
        
        Extorier Cladding
        
        Decking
        
        Flooring
        
        Furniture
        
        Joinery
        
        Veneers
        
        Uses
        
        Furniture
        
        Internal Construction
        
        Hard Wood
        
        What is Hard Wood
        
        Deciduous tree
        
        Hard Wood is any wood from a Deciduous tree
        
        They are trees that loose there leaves during winter
        
        These trees grow slower and in return they grow more a more dense and stronger wood
        
        Pros vs Cons
        
        Types of Hard Wood
        
        Ash
        
        Uses of Ash
        
        Sports Equitment
        
        Tool Handles
        
        Beech
        
        Uses
        
        Childrens toy and models
        
        Furniture
        
        Veneers
        
        Mahogany
        
        Uses
        
        High End Furniture
        
        Joinery
        
        Veneers
        
        Balsa
        
        Good Strength to weight ratio
        
        Uses
        
        Prototyping
        
        moddelling
        
        Oak
        
        Uses
        
        Flooring
        
        Furniture
        
        Veneers
        
        What are natural timbers
        
        Natural timbers are timbers that come straight from the trees
      - Engineered/Manufactured Timbers
        
        what are Engineered/Manufactured timbers
        
        Engineered/Manufactured Timbers are Timber made by Pressing and Bonding Toghter particles, Fibres or Veneers to achieve particular characteristics Normally made from Scraps
        
        Chip board
        
        What is Chipboar
        
        Chip Board is Scrap pieces of wood compressed and held toghter with resin
        
        (MDF) Medium Density Fibreboard
        
        What is MDF
        
        MDF is made by combining Synethic Resin with Wood Fibers Under High Temp and Pressure
        
        Plywood
        
        Plywood is Wood Veneers Glued toghter
        
        Hardboard
        
        What is hardboard
        
        Made From Wood Fibers Compressed Under High Levels of Heat and Pressure
        
        Blockboards
        
        Blockboard
        
        Uses
        
        What is Blockboard
        
        Laminboard
        
        Battenboard
        
        manufactured timbers are normally 2440 mm long x 1220 mm mid the thickness normally comes in 3 mm incraments
    - - Timbers are a renewable resource that can be used for building material it is a natural none toxic and safe to handle material its scraps can be reused most of the time it has good thermal insulating properties that can be used to reduce energy usage in your home or other buildings that require heat its construction is easier and faster then something like stone or concrete
    - - Main Types
        
        Rough sawn
        
        Rough sawn is when it cut to size then given to you with no finish
        
        common size of Rough Sawn is
        
        50 x 25mm
        
        Planed all around
        
        all of the sides of it have been made to be brought to a uniform level all around
      - What is a Timber finish
    - - for normal timber
        
        it is in mm and goes length x width x thickness
      - Rod and Dowel
        
        mm lenth x width
  - - - Pulls Down the Screw Into Substrate While letting it pass through the Piece
    - - Provides Space for the screw head to sit level with the wood
    - - Guides The Screw Threads Into The Material Allowing it To Bite Into The Sides Of The Material
- - - - Tap and Dye
      - Files/SandPaper
        
        Files
        
        Needle Files
        
        Round Needle File
        
        Square Needle File
        
        3 Square/ Triangular Needle File
        
        Half Round Needle File
        
        Flat Warding Needle File
        
        Knife Needle File
        
        Hand Needle File
        
        Crossing Needle File
        
        Barete Needle File
        
        Round Edge Joint Needle File
        
        Slitting Needle File
        
        Pippin Needle File
        
        SandPaper
        
        Grit
        
        What does grit mean
        
        Grit is the amount of little bumps you see in one square centimetre
        
        The higher the grit the finer it will make the material
        
        Uses for each type of grit
        
        High grit is to smooth the material
        
        Low grit is used on harder materials or to remove lots of material
        
        40-80 Grit is used to remove material
        
        40- 0 Grit is used to abolish material from the face of this earth
        
        80-150 Grit Is used for Leveling the material
        
        150-180 Grit is used to finish the wood
        
        180-240 Grit is used for Smoothing between layers
        
        240-320 Grit is used for Surface smoothing with a finer finish
        
        320+ Grit is used for a final finish
  - - - Safety
        
        Wear Goggles and Possibly Gloves
- - - - Goggles
        
        Goggles should be used most of the time in the workshop Especially When there is any risk to your eyes
        
        Goggles help protect our eye from smaller particles like sawdust and bigger things like a blade flying at you
      - Others
        
        Hair Should be Tied back if you have Longer Hair
        
        Long jewellery should be removed when working with Electrical Machines
- - - - Ferrous
        
        Ferrous metals all contain ironferrite
        
        Pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        Most Ferrous metals are magnetic
        
        High tensile strenth
        
        Cons
        
        Vulnerable to rust if exposed to moisture without a protective finish
        
        Low carbon/mild steel
        
        Uses
        
        Car bodies
        
        steel building frames
        
        oil pipelines
        
        pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        ductile
        
        able to be drawn out into a thin wire
        
        Tough
        
        Cons
        
        Rusts easily if not protected
        
        High carbon steel
        
        uses
        
        Tools
        
        Blade
        
        Scissors
        
        pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        Hard
        
        hard wearing
        
        Cons
        
        brittile
        
        Cast iron
        
        Uses
        
        Kitchen Pans
        
        Machine bases
        
        Manhole Covers
        
        Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Hard
        
        Resists deformation and rust
        
        Cons
        
        Britlle
      - Non-Ferrous
        
        Uses
        
        guttering pipes
        
        Road sighns
        
        pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        Higher resistence to rust
        
        Cons
        
        Non Magnetic
        
        Can corrode or oxidise
        
        Pure metals that do not contain iron
        
        Zinc
        
        Uses
        
        used to galvanise steel
        
        galvanise means add a protective layer/sacrifical layer
        
        Pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        Malleable
        
        High corrosion resistance
        
        Cons
        
        brittle
        
        Copper
        
        Pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        Ductile
        
        Mallable
        
        good electric conductor
        
        Cons
        
        Uses
        
        Plumbing supplies
        
        Electrical cables
        
        Tin
        
        Uses
        
        Solder
        
        plating surfaces
        
        Pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        mallable
        
        ductile
        
        high corrosion resistance
        
        Good electrical conductor
        
        Cons
        
        Aluninum
        
        Uses
        
        Bike Frames
        
        Drink Cans
        
        Takeaway Tray
        
        Pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        Lightweight
        
        Ductile
        
        Resists corrosion
        
        Cons
      - Alloy
        
        Alloys are a mixture of at least one pure metal and another element
      - Alloys
        
        Alloys are a mixture of at least one pure metal and one other element
        
        Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Harder
        
        Stronger
        
        Cons
        
        the alloying process combines the metal and other element to improve working properties or asethics they are better this way because of the different sized atoms this disorients the arrangements of the atoms making it hard for the layers of atoms to slide over each other
        
        High Speed Steel
        
        Composations may include
        
        Chormium molybdenum
        
        cobalt carbon
        
        Tungsten vanadium
        
        Pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        can withstand high temps when maching at high speeds
        
        Cons
        
        Uses
        
        Cutting tools like drill bits mill cutters taps and dies
        
        Stainless Steel
        
        Composation
        
        Low carbon 0.03-0.08%
        
        Chromium 10.5-26%
        
        uses
        
        cutlery
        
        kitchen and medical equitment
        
        Pros and cons
        
        Pros
        
        Hard
        
        Ductile
        
        Rust resistant
        
        Chromium layer protects steel from corrosion
        
        Cons
        
        Brass
        
        Composation
        
        Copper 65%
        
        Zinc 35%
        
        Pros and Cons
        
        Pros
        
        Malleable
        
        Easily Cast
        
        Good corrosion resistant's
        
        Cons
        
        Uses
        
        Musical instruments
        
        Plumbing fitments
        
        ornante artefacts