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How are Genes Expressed? - Coggle Diagram
How are Genes Expressed?
DNA
RNA
has 3 forms
mRNA
messenger RNA carries information from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA
transfer RNA which carries amino acids
rRNA
Forms ribosomes (with help from enzymes and proteins
builds protiens with help of 3 different forms
mRNA is formed through transcription
mRNA attatches to ribosomes
mRNA creates groups of 3 (codons and interacts with tRNA
tRNA brings over amino acids
polypeptide chain is formed
polypeptide chain begins to fold
1 more item...
held together by peptide bonds
genetic information
DNA has a double helix shape
protects contents inside helix
DNA contains instructions for making everything in organisms
All organisms share 99% of their genetic code
the left over 1% is what gives each organism its characteristics
Shape
The double helix is formed by two sperate strands that intertwine
strands are formed by 4 different nitrogenous bases
bases pair based on rules
adenine pairs with thymine/uracil
cytosine pairs with guanine
Proteins
protiens take shape and execute their functions
Proteins are results of gene expression
Mutation
can occur in several forms
frameshift
deletion
bases from genetic sequence are deleted or removed
result in change in length of genetic sequence
directly affects amino acids and protein produce
insertion
new bases are added to genetic sequence
subsitution
missense
a mutation where a base is swapped and affects amino acid produced
silent
mutation where base is swapped, but the amino acid produced does not change
nonsense
mutation where base is swapped and creates a stop amino acid