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LEXICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION - Coggle Diagram
LEXICAL FEATURES OF TRANSLATION
translation of context dependent words
multisyllabic words
Particular difficult in translation
polysemy
any seemingly familiar word can depent on meaning
contextual meaning of words
burn - Гореть - жечь,the candle burns - свеча горит ,community ( община,общество , население и т,д)
can have an entirely different meaning
Micro context
macro context
lexical context
attitude actualizes its meaning in a narrow lexical context
he has friendly attittude forwards us( ОН к вам относится по-дружески) He is known for his radical attitudes. Он известен своими радикальными взглядами
practicaly refers to verbs
verbs of speach
verbs of movements
lexico-semantic transformations
descriptive translation
commentray(more detailed translation)
кружало - krizhalo( ring - shaped base of the cupola of the wooden church)
functional substitution
the relaxation of the well-earned rest-наслаждаясь заслуженным отдыхом
narrowing
He's a man of taste - Он человек со вкусом
expansion(generalization)
the treatment turned to be successful and she recovered( лечение оказалось успешным и она полностью выздоровела )
semantic development(modulation)
Я их понимаю (i DON'T BLAME THEM)
EMPHATIZATION - ВОЛООКАЯ КРАСАВИЦА - cow-eyed girl
neutrallizing Девушка с большими глазами ( COW-eyed girl)
americanisms
ortography (spelling )
grammar
phraselogical terms
translation of international and pseido-international words
international words
similar in spelling and sound
Express socio-political and scientific concepts:Conference,institution
Pseido-international words (also friends of translatitor)
words that look alike , but have different meaning
Accurate-Песочный
translation of neologisms
New words that haven't been in registred in dictionaries
consult the last edition of dictionaries
on the basis of its structure
From the context
Translation
Transcription Translitiration Calque Descriptive translation
formation
Prefixal and suffixal formation of new words
The prefix "re" stands for the repetition, rethinking
the suffix "we" forms a noun " Detainee - Задержанный
Expanding the meaning
conformation ( originally meant - очная ставка)
by convertion,substantiatio,adjectiviation
to front page - Помещать на первой странице
translation of headings
Features of headliens
Complete sentences are not common
it's necessary to read the article
certain words are ommited
Headline is the phrase with which an article Etc Begins.
difficult to understand because ( they violate linguistic norms )
translation of context independent words
the names of periodicals,streets, theatres
transcription DAWNING STREET ( Даунинг Стрит
,Covent Garden - Ковент Гарден)
the names of parties, govermental organizations
Translation Conservative Party - Консервативная партия
Company names
transcription ( BBC - би би си )
proper names
Transliteration ( William - Уильям,Вильям ,Watson- Ватсон,Уотсон)
geogrophical names
Translated ( Lake Superior - Озеро Верхнее)
Transcribed ( New mexico - НЬЮ МЕКСИКО)
Transmitted in a mixed way ( North Dako - Северная Дакота )
its necessary to concretize some words due to different qualitive distinction
Meal - трапеза , Limbs - Члены
translation of non-equivalent vocabulary
names of works of art, literature,events(POP-ART Поп арт)
antroponyms (names if historical figures) Scrooge - Скрудж - персонаж Ч.Диккенса
Toponyms ( geographical names) Бостонский оркестр легкой музыки (BOSTON POPS)