Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
49/61. CAN & SHOULD, MODAL VERB, COMPOUND PREDICATE, 61. "HAVE…
49/61. CAN & SHOULD
CAN
ЗНАЧЕНИЯ
:recycle: 1. (НЕ) возможность, (НЕ) способность физическая и ситуативная
:!!: She can write with her left hand; Children can't buy alcohol
:recycle: 2. Разрешение; запрет
:!!: You can go now; We can't cross the street here
:recycle: 3. Просьба
:!!: Can I have a piece of cake?; Do you think I can go now?
:recycle: 4. Удивление; невероятность
:!!: Can she be telling lies?; Can he be at work now?
:recycle: 5. Сомнение; неуверенность
:!!: Can they be right?; Can she be married?
ФОРМЫ
:warning: can / can't - present; также просьба в ответ на уже полученный отказ для попытки заставить человека
передумать
:red_flag: I learned how to swim. I can swim now!; Speak louder. I can't hear you; Can't we stay here? - просьба
:warning: could / couldn't - past; также используется для просьбы
:red_flag: I could swim when I was 10 years old; I couldn't go to the theatre yesterday; Could you give me the book? - просьба
:warning: to be able to - future; present; past - не является модальной, поэтому согласуется
:red_flag: I will be able to swim one day; I wasn't able to do it; I'm able to swim.
SHOULD
ЗНАЧЕНИЯ
:recycle: 1. Совет (ненавязчивый); инструкция
:!!: People should be carefull; You shouldn't say it to your granny
:recycle:2. Ответственность; обязанность
:!!: She should phone her mother more often; I should take care of my children
:recycle: 3. Просьба о совете, инструкции
:!!: Should I go and see your brother?; What should we do?
:recycle:4. Критика
:!!: You should be kind to your children; They shouldn't be so terrible to her
:recycle:5. Предположение с большей долей уверенности
:!!: I enjoed the book of this author and a new book of his should be also good; There should be queue to the cinema
ФОРМЫ
:warning: should / shouldn't - present
во future and past - не используется!!!
:red_flag: You should read the document before you sign it; There shouldn't be problems with traffic
EMOTIONAL SHOULD
:explode: Why should I do it? - с какой стати я буду это делать?
:explode: How should I know it? - откуда мне знать?
MODAL VERB
VERB
Основной глагол
Употребляется в форме инфинитива, не меняет своей формы и не согласуется с подлежащим
Имеет модальное значение: возможности; способности; разрешения; запроса; предположения; приказа; обязательства; совета
COMPOUND PREDICATE
СОСТАВНОЕ СКАЗУЕМОЕ
Выражает отношение говорящего к действию-глаголу, который следует за модальным.
-
61. "HAVE TO" "MUST"
"MUST"
-
MEANINGS
:recycle: 1. OBLIGATION (обязанность, долг)
:!!: You must do it! Period. You mustn't drive fast!
:recycle: 2. STRICT PROHIBITION (строгий запрет)
:!!: You mustn't say something anymore. We mustn't step to this land.
:recycle: 3. STRONG ADVICE (настоятельный совет)
:!!: They must visit our exhibition. She must prepare to the exam appropriately
:recycle: 4. STRONG PROBABILITY (высокая степень вероятности)
:!!: He must return home at 7 p.m. They must like that street market.
============
I must be going / I must be off = It's time for me to go
I must say that / I must tell you something
"HAVE (GOT) TO"
:recycle: 1. OBLIGATION or NECESSITY
:!!: I have to cook something. Will you have got to finish your school project?
:recycle: 2. ABSENCE OF NECESSITY
:!!: She doesn't already have to look after her grandparents. You don't have to eat acabbage. You can have a courgette
It is used in different tenses.HAVE GOTISN'T EQUAL HAVE GOT TO:fire: HAVE TO instead of MUST
- PAST/FUTURE OBLIGATION OR NECESSITY
You will have to help me tomorrow. You had to help them yesterday.
- ABSENCE OF NECESSITY
You don't have to do the dishes or the laundry. I've already done it. They didn't have to help their teacher that day.
MAY & MIGHT
-
MEAMINGS
:star: Permidssion - можно, разрешено, позволено: may - present; might - past
:pencil2: You may eat a walnut; He said that we might stand up.
:star: FORMAL request: may - present; might - polite request - Можно..?
:pencil2: May they take your umbrella? Might I check your documents?
:star: Prohibition (not strict? on a personal note): may - present; might - past - нельзя, не разрешено, не позволено.
:pencil2: You may not go out today; She said that I might not go into the room until she finished cleaning.
:star: *Uncertainly, doubt may (not) or might (not) - present tense - (не) возможно; (мало) вероятно; (не) может быть*
:pencil2: Take an umbrella. It may rain. This might be your last exam. You may not find him here.