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Problems Behind Life on Land - Coggle Diagram
Problems Behind Life on Land
Deforestation
Deforestation can result in more carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere.
The most common reason is agriculture, with 80% of deforestation resulting from extensive cattle ranching, and logging for materials and development.
Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet.
Today, the greatest amount of deforestation is occurring in tropical rainforests
Each year, millions of acres of forest around the world are destroyed or degraded by fire.
Desertification
In fact, today two-thirds of the Earth is undergoing a process of desertification and, if no action is taken, 1.5 million km2 of agricultural land, an area equivalent to the entire arable land of India.
Overgrazing is the major cause of desertification worldwide. Other factors that cause desertification include urbanization, climate change, overuse of groundwater, deforestation, natural disasters, and tillage practices in agriculture that make soils more vulnerable to wind.
The United Nations has since modified its definition of desertification as follows: “Land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climate variations and human activities” (Warren, 1996).
More than 75 percent of Earth's land area is already degraded, according to the European Commission's World Atlas of Desertification, and more than 90 percent could become degraded by 2050.
Action Against Desertification is an initiative of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) to restore drylands and degraded lands in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific to tackle the detrimental social, economic and environmental impact of land degradation and desertification.
Poaching and Extinction
The emergence of numerous zoonotic diseases has been linked directly to wildlife crime.
The annual global legal trade of wildlife has been conservatively estimated to value 119 billion USD of the year 2020.
There is 16,306 species of animals are endangered species threatened with extinction.
Key Stone species are mainly poached, when they go extract the entire ecosystem will collapse.
https://youtu.be/05G_yRfpzKY
The number of wild rhinos left in Africa hovers around 22-25,000
Lack of Finacial Resources
The estimated annual cost of desertification, expressed as income foregone, amounts to nearly $11 thousand million ($11 billion) for irrigated land, $8 thousand million for rainfed cropland, and $23 thousand million for rangeland. The total annual cost is about $42 thousand million in 1990 U.S. dollars.
The total annual cost of air pollution in China is estimated to be $900 billion each year with costs in the U.S. running to $600 billion annually.
Payment for ecosystem services (PES) provides incentives for land restoration and SLM. However, PES has not worked well in countries with fragile institutions.
litter cleanup costs the U.S. more than an estimated $11.5 billion each year.
Burning gas, coal and oil results in three times as many deaths as road traffic accidents worldwide and it is estimated that air pollution has a $2.9 trillion economic cost, equating to 3.3 percent of the world's GDP.
Pollution
In 2014, Americans produced about 258 million tons of solid waste, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Major contributors to agricultural-related land pollution include run-off from pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer and animal waste.
Air pollution kills more than 2 million people each year, according to a study published in the journal of Environmental Research Letters.
People exposed to high enough levels of certain air pollutants may experience serious heath complications.
there is an estimated 50 billion pieces of litter along U.S. roadways and waterways.
https://youtu.be/g159ioGT0Ko
