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blog post - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1.measure pre-existing groups
        
        investigate reseblance among indiviudals prior to group formation
        
        measure facail resembalce in male vs. female groups using universtiy p's
        
        using pics of freshmen year and senior year portrits ( year books) can determine if wheather same individuals resembled their in group memebers even before joing the groups
        
        who --- 487 individuals 227 F (6 sororities) 260 M ( 17 faternties) all white
        
        Ps = 459
        
        each p rated half of the "target" in either female or male. one only one of the 4 traits centreal to impression formation: attractiveness, compet3ence, dominace, or trustworthiness
        
        30 partcipants would provide acceptable reliablity in raiting of all traits --- thus 960 p's were used. -
      - evalute if individuals apperanes predict their accpetance into a fraternity group and which group they decide to join. photos of indvi. were collected after they had chosen to join, but before they were accepted. thus since all individuals had selected the group differences in acceptance could only be due to gatekeeping (explain this term)
        
        test role of apperence in acceptace into a group and joining a group -- therefore able to examine seperatly the role of the group and the individual in the selection process.
        
        if trait rating significantly predicted acceptance, this would indicate exisiting group memebers play a gatekeeping role, only allowing other similar in apperance to join --- if trait raitings do not predict acceptance but do predict which group indiv. try to join it may be that people self select into self resembling groups but that other factors affect their acceptance.
        
        photo sample: poteintal recruits from two fraternities 315. same process as study one for rating pictures was used with 213 pp from the same sample population at MTurk.
        
        they found that attractiveness significantly predicted acceptance into either fraternity therefore gatekeeping does play a role in maintaining homphiliy.
        
        as an expotorory test they tested if there was any diffrence in self-seletion of indivudlas between faternities they found that indvidiuals applying to one faternity apperred more competent compare the the other. impliacting self selection
        
        driven by both self selection (individual) and gatekeeping (group)
        
        do not belevie that these specfic traits would necessariliy generalize as criteria for acceptance into ther groups or even other fraternities... as this is spefic to these goups, but the traits valued are likely specfic to a partcular context and set of socail groups. Yet we do belevie that the broader pattern of apperance perdiciting social groups, regardless of which specific trait might predict acceptance.
        
        study two evaluates whether a future group members appence predicts their acceptance into one of two fraternities. From the same population at MTurk 213 partcipants were used to rate a set of 315 Photos were used of recrits after they had chosen to join but before they were selected. If the trait raiting signicnatly predicted acceptance this indicated gatekeeping only allowing others similar to join, if trait rating did not predict group accpetahce but predict self selection than people select groups that look like them and other factors affect their acceptance. they found that attractiveness signficantly predicted acceptance into either faternity, but found there was a diffrence between self-selection in terms of which faterneity individuals chose. Individuals applying to one faternity were rated more compentent than the other. Therefore driven by both group and self selection.
      - if same aspect of apperance predicted group membership amoung future + existing members - using a subset of picture from study two (N=58), those who were later accepted, and exiting memeber of the faternties at time of recrutment (N=143) the researchers wanted to examine whether the same aspect of facial apperance would predict grouo membership amounf esiting group and future members.
        
        P's = 241 from Prolific Acedemic - rated the same as study one and two
        
        Lasso model suggested only keep comptence in analysis, which signficnatly predicted which faternity traget belonged to as well as among the existing members, this trend was actually stronger. Existing members resembled their faternity even more than future members.
        
        next they wanted to see if apperence predicted group membership among future and exiting memebrs. Using a subset of pictures from study two (those who were later execpted) and picture of the indivduals who were "doing to execpting" that the time those indivduals were accepted. 241 ps from Prolifiv Acedemic rate the indivudlas in the same way. The Lasso model suggested only keeping competence, which did significantly predict which fraternity the target belonged to. However the trend was strong from existing members than future ones.
- - - - people tend to affilate themselves withothers wjo share they percive to hold the same beliefs, intrests and values (i.e demographic and psychological)
      - exists in individuals relationships ( freindships) and social groups and neworks
      - example facial apperance is used by others to infer social relevent info such as personality traits and important preferences
      - current reseach by hehman et al, that ingroup members faces resemble one another in established groups i.e sports teams, uni faternities, friend groups)
    - - process by which ingroup memebers come to resemble them selves remains unclear
      - how do groups develop and maintain their boiudaries over time?
        
        individuals may join groups who members already resemble them
        
        A) new members self-select a partcilar group - seek and form socail groups that resemble themselves
        
        B) exisiting members gatekeeping who joins - members decide who can join ( purhaps based on a resembalce criteria)
        
        OR DO THEY COME TO RESEMBLE THEM AFTER BELONGING FOR A PERIOD OF TIME?
        
        this has been found in couples who live tofeather become more similar over time via shared environment and habits --- unclear if this effect happens in social groups