Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

A Failing Pump, image, image, image, image, image, image, image, Within…

- - - - 2 layers
        
        Serous Pericardium
        
        Parietal Layer
        
        Visceral layer
        
        Fibrous Pericardium
  - - - Formed by the inferolateral part of LV
  - - - Receives pulmonary veins, SVC and IVC
  - - - Right: Right atrium and extends between SVC and IVC
    - - Inferior: Right and left ventricle
  - - - Formed by
        
        small units of cardiac muscles, known as myocardiocytes
        
        Center
        
        Nucleus
        
        At the junction
        
        Intercalated disc
- - - - Dry cough
      - Angioedema
    - - Decrease afterload
      - Decrease aldosterone levels
    - - Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, thereby inhibiting all the actions of angiotensin 2
  - - - Decrease afterload
      - Decrease aldosterone levels
      - Decrease hypertrophy
    - - Inhibiting angiotensin 2 anywhere that it binds
  - - - Decrease the remodeling of the heart
      - Helps in potassium sparring
    - - Decreasing aldosterone action so less sodium and water reabsorption and more expelled
  - - - Decrease contractility
      - Decrease heart rate
      - Inhibit RAA system
    - - Inhibiting the beta receptors that are normally stimulated by the norepinephrine decreasing stress on the heart
  - - - There is accumulation of fluid in the body
- - - - Causes
        
        Hypertension (Strong risk)
    - - Because
        
        Less O2
  - - - Because of
        
        Lung Edema -> Crackles
        
        Also
        
        Enlarged liver due to edema
  - - - Symptoms & Lifestyle
      - Medical & Family History
    - - Echochardiogram
        
        For
        
        Size, function & structure
      - Markers
        
        such as
        
        B-type natriuretic peptide
        Troponin
      - ECG
        
        For
        
        Heart Rhythm
  - - - The heart is
        
        Weak
    - - The heart is
        
        Stiff
- - - - decrease cardiac output
        
        Structural changes in the heart muscle
        
        kidneys
        
        Renin
        
        Angiotensin
        
        Aldosterone
        
        Salt and water retention
        
        1 more item...
        
        increase heart rate
- - - - Person’s health-related behavior depends on the person’s perception of some critical areas
    - - Perceived severity
      - Perceived threat
      - Perceived susceptibility
      - Perceived benefits
      - Perceived barriers
      - Modifying factors
- - - - and has 2 types
        
        Orthopnea
        (in recumbent position)
        
        Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
        (awakens the patient)
- - - - swelling due to fluid accumulation in interstitial space
        
        due to
        
        Increase in hydrostatic pressure
        
        Right side of heart not working → heart failure
        
        Decrease in oncotic pressure
        
        Liver not making proteins
        
        Injury or inflammation of the capillary
        
        Lymphatic system damaged
  - - - Alcohol or drug use
      - Excess/lack of physical activity
      - Medications (eg. antihistamines)
      - Not enough sleep
      - Unhealthy eating habits
- - - - The changing patterns of disease (and causes of death) seen in human history
    - - Stage1: The age of Pestilence and Famine
      - Stage2: The age of Receding Pandemics
      - Stage3: The age of Degenerative and Human-Made Diseases
      - Stage4: The age of Delayed Degenerative Diseases:
  - - - Sensitivity—the ability of a test to give a positive finding when the person tested truly has the disease
      - • Specificity—the ability of a test to give a negative finding when the person tested is truly free of the disease.
- - - - Associated with
        
        Venous return
        
        Affected by
        
        Sympathetic activity
        
        Skeletal muscle activity
        
        Venous capacity
        
        Respiratory activity
    - - Done by
        
        Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
        
        is
        
        converting the action potential to make myofibrils of the cardiac muscle contract