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How is DNA expressed? - Coggle Diagram
How is DNA expressed?
Protein structure levels
primary
amino acid sequence
secondary
ability to form alpha helices (beta pleat sheets)
tertiary
3-d structure
quaternary
tertiary combination
DNA vs. RNA
DNA
composition
nitrogenous base
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
deoxyribose sugar
phosphate group
phosphodiester backbone (made with sugar)
Mutations
deletion
frameshift
insertion
frameshift
substitution
missense, silent, nonsense
RNA
composition
ribose sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
Adenine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
made from nucleus (eukaryotic) or cytoplasm (prokaryotic)
Central Dogma
Transcription
DNA to mRNA
Translation
mRNA into protein
PCR and gel electrophoresis
PCR
denaturation
annealing
extension
copies gene in interest
free nucleotides, taq polymerase, dna, dna primers
gel electrophoresis
dna migrates to positive end of gel
less base pairs = farther down
compares DNA