Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

PLACEMAKING - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Changing negative perceptions by making it more attractive
    - - Investment of capital and ideas into an area to revitalise and review conditions
    - - Development associated with rebranding changing abstract and artistic ideas
  - - - Involves private investors e.g property developers, builders and business owners. Gentrification is typical of this strategy
    - - Large scale organisations and private investors
    - - Large scale, one off projects with distinctive architected e.g stadiums
    - - Following international sporting events
    - - Major festivals, helps cultural development
  - - - Rebranding began in 1980s with 140 small projects including a piazza, housing, transport, schools and hospitals
        
        Strategies
        
        1992 olympics allowed renovation and regeneration
        
        Riverside park, business and science parks, conference centre, gaudi is internationally recognised, rambla boulevard
        
        Players
        
        Olympic players used top down and legacy/events
        
        Heritage groups
        
        Businesses and municipal government
        
        El Raval
        
        Densely populated town dominated by polluting industries, lots of crime such as drug dealing and prostitution, cheap lodgings
        
        Flagship strategies in the north e.g museum of contemporary art, private university, high quality resturants and cafes
        
        Much of the local community were ignored, crime has not been dealt with and long term residents are finding it too expensive
        
        Outcomes
        
        Reasserted Catalan culture, ‘Capital of innovation’ in 2014, vibrant culture, seen as a good place to work, sustainable development
        
        New public spaces, visible improvement, gentrification in el raval, more business and investment, improved tourism, changed perceptions,
  - - - Rapid gentrification; tower blocks with apartments priced at £1 million. House prices in the area have risen 76% in the last decade
        
        Particular impact on South American communities who have lived in elephant and castle since the 1970s. The council have demolished a lot of social housing
        
        Many people’s only source of income is being lost ‘turning areas they oversee into machines of profit geared towards affluent tenants rather than for the people who live there’
- - - - Poor design can lead to antisocial behaviour e.g fragmented street patterns, poor lighting, lack of clear routes, lack of surveillance
        
        Growth of 24h cities as 9-5 model doesn’t fit anymore
  - - - Provides a collective voice
  - - - Patterns are produced, planners can adapt
- - - - E.g in 2013 Hitachi rail in Japan invested £85 million into north-east England- helped raise economic satus after the loss of coal mining and steel works. Construction started in 2015
        
        Governments attract FDI by reinventing itself i.e land-use zoning, creating infrastructure
        
        E.g Dubai created ‘free zones’ where foreign firms can locate with low red tape and low taxes, making it attractive to skilled workers. Science park in Cambridge has attracted Astra Zeneca
        
        Increases job creation. Well equipped technology and science research firms
        
        Specific policies make FDI easier e.g direct flights from Birmingham to china
- - - - Uses different people’s involvement to create public spaces that promote health and wellbeing
        
        Multi-faceted holistic approaches to planning design and public space management