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Emily Flores P.2 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Emily Flores P.2 Cardiovascular System
Major components Functions of the blood
Transportation
.
– Delivering O2and nutrients to body cells
– Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
– Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
regulation
Maintaining body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat
protection
Preventing infection
Preventing blood loss
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
The systemic circuit sends oxygen-rich blood to all body cells,where it drops of oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide
Capillaries are vessels that run between arteries and veins
Veins transport blood toward the heart
Supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them
Pulmonary circuit carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide
ABO & Rh blood types
ABO
Blood may contain preformed anti-A or anti-B antibodies (agglutinins)
Based on presence or absence of two agglutinogens (A and B) on surface of
RBCs
Rh
Most common antigen of the Rh group is Antigen D
Rh blood types include several Rh antigens or factors
If Rh factor (Antigen D) is present on a person's red blood cells the blood is Rh positive; if absent, the blood is Rh negative
Anatomy of the heart
Chambers
receiving
Right atrium
left atrium
pumping
Right ventricle
left ventricle
valves
aortic valve
Prevents blood from moving from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation
Triscupid valve
Prevents blood from moving from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction
pulmonary valve
prevents blood from moving from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
Mitral(bicuspid valve)
Prevents blood from moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium ventricular contraction
Layer of the heart
Myocardium: circular or spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
Endocardium: the inner layer: made up of connective tissue and epithelium: continuous with the endothelium of major vessels
Epicardium (Visceral pericardium): the outermost layer; a serous membrane made up of connective tissue and epithelium; decrease friction in the heart
Blood flow through the heart and body
High oxygen
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve
Aorta
Body
Low Oxygen
Superior inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Veins
Structure: Veins have thinner walls than arteries
Function: Transport blood under relatively low pressure from a venule to the heart
arteries
Structure: Thick and strong wall, and elastic connective tissue
Function: Transport blood from the heart to the arterioles
capillaries
Structure: Single layer of squamous epithelium
Function: Allow nutrients, gases, and wastes to be exchanged between the blood and tissue fluids.
Cardiac cycle and ECG
cardiac cycle - when blood pressure rises and a falls
ECG-the recording of the electrical changes that occurs during a cardiac cycle
P-Wave - the first wave corresponds to the depolarization of the atria and leads to the contractions of the atria
QRS complex- corresponds to the depolarization of ventricles which leads to contractions of the ventricle and repolarization of the atria occurs during complex
T Wave: Corresponds to ventricular repolarization and leads to ventricular relaxation
Major blood vessels
Arteries
-arry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and
umbilical vessels of fetus
Muscular arteries
-aka distributing arteries because they deliver blood to body organs
Elastic arteries:
thick-walled with large, low-resistance lumen
Arterioles
: smallest of all arteriess
veins
-carry blood toward heart; deoxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and
umbilical vessels of fetus
Formation begins when capillary beds unite in postcapillary venules and merge into larger
and larger veins
leads to vanulkes
Venous valves
-Prevent backflow of blood
enous sinuses
-Flattened veins with extremely thin walls
vital signs
BP
can be measured by listening to a pulse
Pulse
Radial
brachial
carotid
poplitearl
posterior
dorsal
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
Endocarditis & Myocarditis
inflammation of the heart
Congenital Heart Disease
issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth