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CHALLENGES TO SOVEREIGN STATE AUTHORITY - Coggle Diagram
CHALLENGES TO SOVEREIGN STATE AUTHORITY
Challenges of political boundaries
Contested territory
Russias annexation of crimea
Separatism
Catalan in Spain
Factional or sectarian tensions
Ethnic conflict in North Africa
Transnational movement of terrorism
Transporting weapons accrosds turkey and Syria
Colonial legacy
Ethnic partitioning
Contested maritime boundaries
Disputes over natural resources and exploration rights Alaska and Greenland
E.g Ukraine
Causes of conflict; Ukraine sought to join NATO in 2008. Annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia wants to take over more of Ukraine and demilitarise them and prevent them joining NATO, Ukraine rejected their prohibition in Dec 2021, war declared on 25 Feb 2022.
Challenges- democracy, civil liberty and economic reforms are difficult to achieve since collapse of the Soviet Union. Internal disputes between Russian speaking and Ukrainian speaking populations. Corruption, violence and rigged elections
Intervention- sanctions on russia, NATO and EU provide weapons. International peace talks
Impacts- soldiers and civilians dying due to the war. Poor conditions for evacuees, bombing and missiles, troops in cities, largest refugee crisis since WWII, 100,000 internally displaced and 7.9 fleeing the country.
Buildings ands homes bombed, occultation of Donetsk, Maripol and Luhansk, loss of power and supplies, damage to industrial plants threatening environment, exports from Ukraine disrupted
Challenges of Transnational Corporations
Driving force for global integration, expand operations regardless of boundaries.
Many LIDCs rely on them to integrate their economy into the global market
They force many nations to lose their territorial control, work force and environment and strongly influence political decision making
Pursue their profit driven interests at the expense of others; human rights violations, child labour, worker exploitation
Challenges of Supranational Institutions
A tier of goveromance above that of the individual state; EU, UN, NATO, member states retain their independence but are bound to the requirements of the governening body- possible sacrifice of some aspects of their sovereignty
EU- trading bloc with its own parliament and monetary system- 27 states
Benefits- addresses transnational issues, trade, access to a large market, industry protection
Challenges- countries must implement EU laws, cannot pass laws that compromise EU laws, eurozone has financial restrictions e.g other countries cannot set interest rates
UN- 193 sovereign states are members of the general assembly, they have the right to sanction intervention and apply it when states fail to protect their citizens
Challenges of political dominance of ethnic groups
Multiple ethnic groups within a state of one ethnic group across several states. Groups may demand independence and challenge territorial integrity causing internal conflict.
E.g Basque Nation- straddles northern Spain and south west france. Population of 3.1 million. Speak euskara language. They have their own parliament but want independence from France and Spain
The ETA group (basque homeland and liberty) have been violent in the past and threatened Spanish governments but peaceful groups encourage more unity