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PATTERNS OF MIGRATION - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 2020, 281 million people were living outside their country of origin 5.5 million of which were from the UK
        
        Issues surrounding the definition of an international migrant, inconsistent across countries. This makes it harder to get accurate, reliable and comparable numbers additionally, many migrants are undocumented
  - - - Job prospects, population growth
  - - - 2021 2000 refugees in Calais including 300 unaccompanied children
- - - - March 2023 700,000 waiting to cross barriers include, military personnel, smuggling and EU home affairs.
        
        Libyan Crisis- civil war in 2011 (10,000 casualties lead to violence and instability, corruption and organised crime. another civil war in 2014. 45,000 in Lampedusa in the first 5 months of 2011
  - - - 2018 Türkiye were hosting 63% of hall Syrian refugees
        
        2021 6.1 million refugees
- - - - Migrants from Eastern European countries that joined after 2004 are more likely to be working than any other group in England (younger, no family responsibilities)
  - - - E.g Canada
        
        Rapidly ageing population (25% 65 and older by 2040)
    - - Networks of skills, knowledge, culture, financial resources and ideas
  - - - NGOS use technology to asses crisis (mobile phones, satellites, credit card monitoring, field reports, crowd sourced data)
- - - - e.g that migrants come here to claim benefits but they actually pay more in taxes than they receive in benefits (avg adult migrant contributed £3,740 in taxes than the avg uk citizen)/ that migrants come here to commit crime but British people are more like to commit violent crime.
  - - - ‘Brain Drain’ in India - better educated tend to migrate
        
        Movement of skilled workers away from country of origins. 60,000 Indian doctors in developed countries due to more opportunities
- - - - In 2013 Poland was UK’s second biggest source of migrants (250,000-500,000), 2019 most common non-UK place of birth (0.83 million)
        
        Worker registration scheme implemented by UK used to measure post 2004 enlargement migrants
        
        Albania unemployment was 12.6% in 2021 (21,000 living in the UK in 2021 and 12,301 arriving in 2022) due to corruption, low salaries, poor working conditions and low quality of life
  - - - Bilateral agreements recruited workers from outside Europe but 1973 oil crisis ended open-doors policy
        
        This freedom of movement lay foundations for the EU and common European citizenship
  - - - In 2016 the government did not recognise them as an ethnic group sparking a mass exodus
        
        Camps in Bangladesh with more than 1/2 million refugees. Not well equipped; poor facilities, little food/medical aid. They have been banned from travelling to certain parts of the country
- - - - e.g 2019 $6.88 billion in remittances were sent to the USA which is 0.1% of their GDP, India received $83.13 billion which is 2.8% of their GDP but Haiti received only $3.27 billion which is 37.1% of the GDP
        
        on the other hand, some countries that produce a lot of migrants don't get many remittances only 1.4% of Sudan's GDP are remittances.