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Circulatory System, When the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is…

- - - - ANEMIA, happens when you have less red blood cells or the BlOOd cells have less hemoglobin.
        
        People with anemia are tired and weak, due to lack of iron in diet.
        
        Cause 3: Destruction red blood cells within the body
        
        Cause 2: Loss of red blood cells from the body
        
        Cause 1: decreased production of red blood cells
      - Mature red blood cells are biconcave disks with no nucleus – this shape increases their flexibility for moving through capillary beds and their surface area for diffusion of gases
      - Red blood cells CARRY OXYGEN because they have HEMOGLOBIN [a red respiratory system(breathing system) pigment]
        
        Hemoglobin has 4 polypeptide chains and each have a HEME group that has IRON
        
        This IRON, gets oxygen from the lungs, and transports around the body to the tissues that need it
    - - They fight infection, play a role in development of immunity, and have the ability to resist disease.
        
        They are like warriors waiting in your blood stream to attack invaders such as bacteria and viruses. When fighting an infection, your body produces more white blood cells.
        
        AGRANULAR leukocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes)
        
        Monocytes are largest of white blood cells
        
        Dendritic cells present in tissues that are in contact with environment (skin nose lungs intestines)
        
        MacroPhages are major phagocytes
        
        LymphoCytes are either
        
        B Cells which produce antibodies
        
        Cytotoxic T Cells which able to kill other cells
        
        Helper T Cells which regulate responses of other cells
        
        GRANULAR leukocytes(neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils)
        
        BASOPHILS release histamine which can cause inflammation.
        
        EOSINOPHILS fight parasitic worms and are involved in some allergies
        
        Neutrophils have multi-lobes nuclei joined by nuclear threads
        
        They are the most abundant white blood cells and are able to ingest(take in) and digest(break down) bacteria.
        
        DISEASES from LEUKOCYTES happen if there is less or more(unstable) amount of leukocytes
        
        Neutrophil numbers increase in response to bacterial infectioon
        
        Person with infectious MONONUCLEOSIS often has increased B Cells
        
        In HIV person, aids is known by having low numbers of T Cells
      - Larger than red blood cells
      - Have a nucleus
      - No Hemoglobin
      - They are translucent(clear and colorless)
  - - - 2 are FIBrinOGEN and PROthromBIN(proteins made in liver). Vitamin K is needed for Prothrombin production