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AI Generative Chatbot by ATRISHEKHAR - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Bard is based on the Language Model for Dialogue Application (LaMDA), Google’s own conversational AI chatbot.
        
        BARD-model is currently a “lightweight” version of LaMDA, and the one being “requires significantly less computing power, enabling it to scale to more users.
        
        Google had first announced LaMDA 2021 as its generative language model - able to converse on any topic.
        
        Google at I/O 2022 announced LaMDA 2.0 which will further build on these capabilities.
      - Difference betwwen ChatGPT & Bard
        
        ChatGPT has ability to respond to complex queries — though with varying degrees of accuracy — but its biggest shortcoming perhaps is that it cannot access real-time information from the Internet
        
        But Microsoft just unveiled a new version of Bing that's powered by ChatGPT which is a significant improvement of the version of ChatGPT.
        
        ChatGPT’s language model was trained on a vast dataset to generate text based on the input, and the dataset, at the moment, only includes information until 2021.
        
        Whereas, for questions where there might not be a clear-cut answer, Bard will synthesise a response that reflects differing opinions.
      - LNGUAGE= LAMDA
- - - - The architecture determines how the network processes information and influences its accuracy and efficiency in solving a particular problem.
      - The architecture determines how the network processes information and influences its accuracy and efficiency in solving a particular problem.
  - - - While neural networks have been available for a while, it is mainly the recent emergence of Big Data that has made this technology extremely useful in the field of marketing.
      - Cloud computing also provided enormous computing resources that are needed for ANNs to “work through” massive volumes of data
    - - Inspired by the human brain and the functioning of the nervous system, Neuromorphic Computing was a concept introduced in the 1980s.
      - Neuromorphic Computing refers to the designing of computers that are based on the systems found in the human brain and the nervous system.
      - Neuromorphic computing devices can work as efficiently as the human brain without acquiring large room for the placement of software.
      - The working mechanism of neuromorphic computing involves the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) made up of millions of artificial neurons, similar to those in the human brain.
      - These neurons pass signals to each other in layers, converting input into output through electric spikes or signals, based on the architecture of Spiking Neural Networks (SNN).
      - This allows the machine to mimic the neuro-biological networks in the human brain and perform tasks efficiently and effectively, such as visual recognition and data interpretation.
      - Recently, a team of scientists from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) has developed Artificial Synapse for Brain-Like Computing or Neuromorphic Computing.
      - They have used scandium nitride (ScN), a semiconducting material with supreme stability and Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, to develop brain-like computing
      - SINIFICANCE
        
        This invention can provide a new material for stable, CMOS-compatible optoelectronic synaptic functionalities at a relatively lower energy cost and hence has the potential to be translated into an industrial product.
        
        The traditional computers have physically separated memory storage and processing units. As a result, it takes enormous energy and time to transfer data between these units during an operation.
        
        On the contrary, the human brain is a supreme biological computer that is smaller and more efficient due to the presence of a synapse (the connection between two neurons) that plays the role of both processor and memory storage unit.
        
        LATES TIT BITS RELATED TO AI & ML
        
        Artificial Synapse for Brain-Like Computing Developed by Indian & Australian Scientists
        
        Scientists have used scandium nitride (ScN), a semiconducting material with supreme stability and Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, to develop brain-like computing.
        
        IT-gaints Google launches ‘FloodHub’, a platform to forecast flood
        
        The technology giant has also expanded its AI flood forecasting services to 18 counties across Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia
        
        Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Center, New Delhi (RGCI) have installed the first-ever Made-in-India Surgical Robotic System, “SSI-Mantra”, devised by the new-age Indian med-tech start-up SS Innovations
        
        The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras has developed a robot that can clean septic tanks without the need for humans. Ten units are expected to be distributed across Tamil Nadu under the name “HomoSEP,” and researchers are in contact with sanitation workers to determine where they will be placed.
        
        Kiya.ai, a digital solutions provider serving financial institutions and governments globally, announced the launch of India’s first-ever banking metaverse “Kiyaverse”. In the first phase, Kiyaverse will allow banks to extend their own metaverse for clients, partners, and employees, through services that will include Relationship Manager & Peer Avatars and Robo-advisors.
        
        By the end of January 2023, netizens used the features of “voice cloning” and “speech synthesis” of Eleven Labs. Eleven Labs is an online site providing AI speech software. Using the features in the software, the netizens created voices of popular stars Emma Watson, Ben Shapiro, and Joe Rogan. But the messages were abusive and spread racism. Celebrities are now raising their voices against this. And thus, the voice of deep fakes in news.
        
        The Beln Crypto report recently said that BAIDU is to launch a ChatGPT-like chatbot. Beln Crypto is one of the most popular and largest cryptocurrency news platforms in the world. BAIDU’s chat platform will have conversation-style interfaces just like ChatGPT
        
        BAIDU’s chatbot is to be built on the Ernie system. ERNIE stands for Electronic Random Number Indicator Equipment. It is a hardware random number generator. It was invented to be used in lotteries and casinos.
        
        Project Vaani
        
        Under Project Vaani, diverse languages used across India will be mapped by collecting speech sets of around 1 million people from 773 districts over 3 years.
        
        The estimated cost of this project is around 30 to 40 million USD.
        
        It is part of the Bengaluru-based IISc and Artpark’s Bhasha AI project that includes RESPIN (Recognizing Speech in Indian languages) and SYSPIN (Synthesizing Speech in Indian languages).
        
        The project would involve IISc and Google recording around 1.5 lakh hours of speech, part of which will be transcribed in local scripts.
        
        This project uses a district-anchored approach, which involves recording local speeches by randomly selecting over 1,000 people from each district.
        
        Google’s 1,000 Language AI Model
        
        The tech giant Google is currently developing an AI model that supports 1,000 most spoken languages of the world.
        
        Other AI language models
        
        OpenAI, an artificial intelligence research firm, developed GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3) set of models named Davinci, Curie, Babbage, and Ada to generate natural text responses and perform tasks such as classification, simple summaries, address correction, answering questions etc.
        
        Meta is developing an AI-based language translation. The company claims that its open-source M2M-100 model is said to be the first multilingual translation model that does not rely on English as the default language when it translates directly between 100 languages.
        
        The Facebook-parent company is also focusing on AI-based translation for not just text but also oral languages like Hokkien.
        
        Optimus – Tesla’s humanoid robot
        
        Tesla CEO Elon Musk recently unveiled the latest prototype of Optimus – a humanoid robot developed by the American company based in Texas
        
        This robot shares some of the artificial intelligence software and sensors with the Tesla cars’ autopilot driver assistance features
        
        It is using the same AI technology behind Tesla’s FSD technology (a driver assistance software requiring comparatively less driver input) to guide the robot.
        
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        ‘UIDAI Aadhaar FaceRD App’
        
        This app would allow the Aadhaar Authentication User Agencies (AUA) to capture person’s face for authentication purposes. UIDAI has developed the “Aadhaar Face Authentication Technology” in house.
        
        The app would allow the verification of Aadhaar card holders anytime and at any place.
        
        It would also do away the need for Aadhaar holders to carry physical identification.
        
        UIDAI would store the biometric data of Aadhaar card holders in Central Identity Data Repository. Thus, data would not go into private hands.
        
        PIVOT: AI-based tool to detect Cancer
        
        The PIVOT tool was developed on the basis of a machine learning model, which divides genes as tumour oncogenes, suppressor genes, or neutral genes.
        
        It successfully predicted the oncogenes as well as tumour-suppressor genes such as TP53, and PIK3CA
        
        This tool is also capable to foresee new cancer-related genes such as PRKCA, SOX9 and PSMD4.
        
        RaAl-LiFE (Regularized, Accelerated, Linear Fascicle Evaluation).
        
        Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed a new Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based machine learning algorithm.
      - Neuromorphic Computing was a concept introduced in the 1980s.
  - - - TECHNOLOGY involved -machine learning, pattern recognition, big data, neural networks, self algorithms ,robotics.
    - - GAI is a rapidly growing branch of AI that focuses on generating new content (such as images, audio, text, etc.) based on patterns and rules learned from data.
        
        For example, a GAN trained on images of faces can generate new, synthetic images of faces that look realistic.
        
        uses
        
        Art and Creativity
        
        DALL.E2, Bing Image Create, Stable Diffusion, and MidJourney to create their brand logo and to align the same with Generative AI text messaging.
        
        Music
        
        Computer Graphics
        
        Healthcare
        
        Medical and Drug Discovery:
        
        Manufacturing and Robotics
        
        Robotics
        
        Language and Conten
        
        Machine learning is a method of teaching computers to learn from data, without being explicitly programmed. It involves using algorithms to analyze and draw insights from data, and then using those insights to make predictions or decisions.
        
        There are three main types of machine learning:
        
        supervised learning,
        
        unsupervised learning, and
        
        reinforcement learning.
        
        Concerns Related to GAI
        
        Accuracy
        
        Partisan GAI Models
        
        Privacy
        
        Responsibility
        
        Automation and Lowering Job
      - LANGUAGE=GPT-3
      - Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that involves creating new, original content or data using machine learning algorithms
    - - The strategy document coined the “AI for All” mantra, to be the governing benchmark for future AI design, development, and deployment in India
        
        Facial Recognition Technology (FRT)
        
        It is a collective term referring to different kinds of technologies that are designed to identify or trace individuals using visual images (pictures/videos).
        
        FRT uses key features of the face and their respective distances from one another to morph a virtual facial map.
        
        Types:
        
        1:1 FRT System:
        
        It is mostly used in Live Facial Recognition Technology (LFRT) applicable to law enforcement, and other mass monitoring and surveillance purposes.
        
        1:n FRT System:
        
        This FRT is primarily used in identification - to process a large number of faces captured in either image or video format to specifically identify a particular person’s face.
        
        LATEST USES & MISUSES
        
        India’s Digi Yatra Programme
        
        Digi Yatra is a proposed biometric boarding system for use at Indian airports, intended to create a seamless, paperless, and contactless check-in and boarding experience for passengers.
        
        TECHNOLOGY
        
        It proposes use of FRT to authenticate a passenger’s travel credentials, which allows other checkpoints in an airport to be operated in an automated form with minimal human involvement.
        
        Legal Backing
        
        A Digi Yatra policy was released in 2018, which sets out the passenger processes and technical features of Digi Yatra.
        
        The Digi Yatra Foundation (‘DYF’), a not-for-profit company under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013 was established in 2019 for the implementation of the Digi Yatra Central Ecosystem.
        
        Deepfake & Deep Synthesis
        
        Deep synthesis is defined as the use of technologies, including deep learning and augmented reality, to generate text, images, audio and video to create virtual scenes.
        
        One of the most notorious applications of the technology is deepfakes, where synthetic media is used to swap the face or voice of one person for another.
        
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        The term deepfake originated in 2017, when an anonymous Reddit user called himself “Deepfakes.”
        
        What Countries are doing to Combat Deepfakes
        
        India:
        
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        European Union
        
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        china
        
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        United States
        
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        Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022:
        
        It is feared that the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022 will lead to overbroad collection of personal data in violation of internationally recognised best practices for the collection and processing of data.
    - - AI chips are built with specific architecture and have integrated AI acceleration to support deep learning-based applications.
        
        Chips like these, with their hardware architectures, complementary packaging, memory, storage, and interconnect solutions, make it possible for AI to be integrated into applications across a wide spectrum to turn data into information and then into knowledge.
        
        Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Central Processing Units (CPUs) and GPUs.
        
        AI applications include Natural Language Processing (NLP), computer vision, robotics, and network security across a wide variety of sectors, including automotive, IT, healthcare, and retail.
- - - - N Chandrasekaran Task Force was set up in 2018 to study implications of AI in national security.
      - Based on the recommendations of the aforesaid Task Force, Defence AI Council (DAIC) and Defence AI Project Agency (DAIPA) was created.
      - DAIPA aims for greater thrust on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Defence, formulation of an AI roadmap for each Defence PSU and Ordnance Factory Board to develop AI-enable products.
      - DAIC has been set up to provide necessary guidance and structural support for application of AI for use by the military.