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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
COMPUTER LANGUAGE AND FUNCTION
ASCII
Code to the letters of the alphabet: 0s and 1s combined
Computer functions
Hardware
: physical components of computer systems we use and can touch and move (mouse, keyboard...)
Software
or
programs
: data and istructions used to manage that data
Input
of data using
peripheral devices
Output
of data using
peripheral devices
Storing
data in the
storage devices
Processing
data in the
CPU
, using the
microprocessor
and
memory
Binary system
Computer language: numbers 0 and 1
Names depend on information stored (bits, bytes...)
Computer elements
Memory and units of storage
RAM
random acces memory
Run
an application, instructions and data copied to RAM so microprocessor can use them
Hard disk
is very slow
RAM doesn't retain information when computer is switched off, so we must save the work on the hard disk
Cache memory
Much faster memory installed between RAM and microprocessor
Because RAM can't work at the same time as microprocessor
Stores data that microprocessor uses most often
ROM BIOS
System check done using instructions stored in ROM BIOS
Special read-only memory
Storage devices
Permanently save data
Because RAM stores it temporarily
Magnetic disks, optical discs, solid-state memories...
Motherboard and connecting devices
Motherboard
Large board inside computer with all other components connected to it through
wires
called buses
Slots
PCI (preipheral component interconnect)
PCI-Express
IDE (integrated device electronics)
or
ATA (advanced technology attachment)
and
SATA (seral ATA) connectors
Chipset
Microprocessor
Integrated circuit (millions of tiny transitors)
Clock rate
sets the
pace
at which processes are completed (electrical impulses continously)
Receives impulse, carries out an operation
Today then can process 64 bits at a time
Its power also depends on
cache memory
and the speed at which it communicates with the
RAM
Computer history very linked to development of
integrated circuits
or
chips