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Fish, fishes (2) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Anterior gill arches evolved into jaws in ancient fishes.
      - The development of jaws allowed ancient fishes to prey on a larger range of animals.
      - Fishes grasp prey with their teeth and quickly crush them using powerful jaw muscles.
      - Jaws also allow for a biting defense against predators
  - - - A fin is a paddle-shaped structure on a fish or other aquatic animals and its used for balance,steering,and propulsion
        
        pelvic fins and pectoral fins gives fishes stability
        
        Paired fins reduce the chance of rolling to the side and allow for better steering during swimming.
        
        Both jaws and paired fins contributed to the evolution of a predatory way of life for some fishes and enabled them to live in new
        habitats and produce more offspring
  - - - Scales are small, flat, platelike structures near the surface of the skin
        
        Ctenoid scales – made of bone and skin
        
        Cycloid scales – made of bone and skin and are thin and flexible
        
        Placoid scales – made of toothlike material and are rough and heavy
        
        Ganoid scales – made of enamel and bone
  - - - Fishes get oxygen when water enters their mouths and flows across their gills, where the oxygen from the water diffuses into the blood.
        
        Gills are composed of thin filaments that are covered with highly folded, platelike lamellae
        
        The flow of blood in the gills is opposite the flow of water across the gills, allowing for more efficient uptake of oxygen
        
        Some fish protect their gills with operculum, a movable flap that covers the gills and protects them
        
        An operculum also aids in pumping water coming in the mouth and over the gills.
        
        Some fishes, such as lungfishes, can live out of water for short times by using structures resembling lungs.
        
        Eels can breathe through their moist skin when they are not in water
- - - - Most fishes have vertebral columns, jaws, paired fins, scales, gills, and single-loop blood circulation and they are not able to synthesize certain amino acids.