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Diego Delgado P.3 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Diego Delgado P.3 Cardiovascular System
Cardiac Cycle and ECG
The cardiac cycle is a series of pressure changes that take place within the heart.
Atrial Contraction (Atrial Systole Begins)
Isovolumetric Contraction
Ventricular Contraction
Ventricular Ejection
Isovolumetric Relaxation (ventricular diastole, early)
Ventricular Filling (ventricular diastole, late)
Back to Atrial Contraction
ABO and Rh Blood Types
Blood Types: A, B, AB, and O
Rh type is negative or positive
AB blood types are universal recipients.
O negative types are universal donors.
Anatomy of the Heart
The heart is divided into 4 main chambers (Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle.
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery under Aorta
Brachiocephalic Artery branches off from aorta.
Pulmonary Veins on very outside; above atria (atriums)
Bicuspid Valve (mitral) - Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve in middle of heart, from pulmonary artery
Blood Flow Throughout the Body and Heart
Right Atrium-> Tricuspid Valve-> Right Ventricle-> Pulmonary Semilunar Valve-> Pulmonary Artery-> Lungs-> Pulmonary Vein-> Left Atrium-> Bicuspid Valve-> Left Ventricle-> Aortic Semilunar Valve-> Aorta-> Body-> Inferior/Superior Vena Cava.
Major components and functions of blood
Plasma: Light colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent. Makes up 55% percent of total blood volume.
Red Blood Cell (RBC): a type of cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in in the blood.
White Blood Cell: type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. Fights against body infection.
Platelets: Tiny, disc-shaped piece of cell that is found in the spleen.
Functions: transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissue. Forming blood clots to prevent any loss.
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to cells and organs in the body.
To protect the body from infection and blood loss
To help the body maintain a constant body temperature. And to help maintain fluid balance within the body.
Structural and Functional Differences Between Blood Vessel Types
Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, arteries are the largest blood vessels with the thickest walls. Arteries are located deep within muscles. Carry oxygenated blood
Capillaries: transport blood between arteries and veins. Smallest blood vessels. Capillaries located inside tissues all over the body.
Veins: carry blood towards the heart. Carry deoxygenated blood. Veins have thinner walls and use valves to keep blood flow consistent.
Layers of the Heart
Epicardium->Myocardium->Endocardium
Fibrous Pericardium->Serous Pericardium Parietal Layer->Serous Pericardium Visceral Layer/Epicardium
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System:
Myocardial Infraction: blood flow to part of the heart is blocked; blood clots, obesity
Peripheral Artery Disease: Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities; blood vessel inflammation, limb trauma
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke): blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted; blood clot, clogged arteries, aneurysm
Endocarditis and Myocarditis: inflammation on the heart; virus, heart valve damage
Congenital Heart Disease: issue with heart structure and/or function present from birth; tricuspid atresia, ebstains anamoly.
Major Blood Vessels (veins and arteries)
Jugular Vein: side of neck
Cartoid Artery: neck artery
Aorta: biggest blood vessel
Pulmonary Artery: upper left side of heart
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava: right side of heart
Pulmonary Vein
Brachial Artery: bicep area
Basilic Vein: inner bicep
Thoracic Aorta: under heart; left side
Hepatic Artery: Right side under heart
Gastric Artery: middle under heart
Renal Artery: left kidney
Iliac Vein/Artery: pubic area
Vital Signs (bp and pulse)
Normal Resting Blood Pressure: 90/60 mm hg to 120/80mm to hg
Breathing: 12 to 18 beats per minute
Pulse: 60 to 100 beats per minute