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Cardiovascular System (Britane Olvera, Per.2) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Delivering 02 and nutrients to b ody cells.
      - Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for eleimination.
      - Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs.
    - - Maintianing body temp. by absorbing and distributing heat.
      - Maintaining normal pH using buffers; alkaline reserve of bicorbonate ions.
      - Maintaining adequate fluid volume in a circulatory system.
    - - Prevents blood loss and prevent infection.
        
        Plasma proteins and platelets in blood initiate clot formation.
        
        Agents of immunity are carried in blood.(Antibodies, complement proteins, and white blood cells.)
  - - - Matrix: Nonliving fluid called plasma
      - Cells are living blood cells called formed elements.
        
        Cells are in plasma.
        
        Formed elements.
        
        Erythrocytes(red blood cells, RBC)
        
        Snall-diameter cells that contribute to gas transport.
        
        Functions:
        
        Dedicated to respiratory gas transport.
        
        Hemoglobin binds reversibly with oxygen.
        
        Production of Erythrocytes.
        
        Hematopoiesis(formation of blood cells)
        
        Erythropoiesis(formation of red blood cells)
        
        Occurs in red bone marrow
        
        Life Span:100-120 Days
        
        Old RBCs become fragile and HB begins to degenerate.
        
        Erythrocyte Disorders:
        
        2 more items...
        
        Regulation and requirements of Erythropoiesis
        
        Hormonal control
        
        1 more item...
        
        Leukocytes(white blood cells, WBC)
        
        Platelets
- - - - Parietal Layer
        
        Lines Internal surface of fibrous pericardium.
      - Visceral Layer(Epicardium)
        
        On external surface of heart.
- - - - prevent backflow into atria
      - Tricuspid valve
      - Mitral valve
    - - prevent backflow from major arteries
- - - - Tricuspid Valve
        
        Right Ventricle
        
        Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
        
        Pulmonary Trunk/Artery
        
        Lungs(Rich Oxygen)
        
        Pulmonary Veins
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones etc, between blood, and interstitial fluid.
- - - - P Wave: depolarization of SA node and atria.
      - QRS complex: ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization.
      - T Wave: ventricular repolarization
      - P-R Interval: beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation.
      - S-T Segment: entire ventricular myocardium depolarized
      - Q-T interval: beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization.
- - - - Systolic Pressure
        
        Pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction.
        
        less than 120 mm
      - Diastolic Pressure
        
        Lowest level of aortic
        
        less than 80 mm
    - - Changes little during cardiac cycle, low pressure of venous side requires adaptions to help with venous return.
      - Factors:
        
        Muscular pump(contraction of skeletal muscles ¨milks¨ blood and back towards heart)
        
        Respiratory pump(pressure changes during breathing more blood toward heart)
        
        Sympathetic venoconstriction(under sympathetic control, smooth muscles constrict, pushing blood back towards heart.
    - - Major cause of heart failure, vascular disease, and stroke.
    - - Not a concern until inadequate blood flow to tissues.
    - - Hypolemic Shock(Large-scale blood loss.
      - Cardiogenic Shock(Inefficient heart can not sustain adequate circulation.)