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Health and Disease I - Coggle Diagram
Health and Disease I
Diseases
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Health: A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
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Pathogens
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Protists
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Some are parasites, use humans and animals as their hosts
Fungi
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Some cause disease, but many are harmless and beneficial
Bacterial diseases
Tuberculosis
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Symptoms include: excessive coughing, fatigue, lung damage, and weight loss
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Cholera
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Symptoms include: diarrhoea, vomiting, severe dehydration
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Spread can be controlled by drinking safe water only, washing hands regularly and using proper toilets
Treatments include: cholera vaccines which provide 6 months of protection and oral or intravenous hydration antibiotics
Stomach Ulcers
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Symptoms include: inflammation of stomach lining, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting
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Spread can be reduced by having clean water supplies and washing hands regularly, thoroughly cooking food
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Virus reproduction
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Lytic pathway
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2) Virus then uses proteins and enzymes in the host cell to replicate its genetic material and produce the components of new viruses
3) Once all the viral components are produced, they assemble to form new viruses
4) The host cell splits open, releasing the new viruses, which can go and infect new cells
Lysogenic pathway
1) The virus attaches itself to a specific host cell and injects its genetic material into the cell (called a provirus)
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3) The viral genetic material gets replicated along with the host DNA every time the cell divides, at this point the virus is dormant and no new viruses are made
4) A trigger, presence of a chemical causes the viral genetic material to leave the genome and enter the lytic pathway
Viral diseases
Ebola
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Symptom include: Haemorrhagic fever, vomiting, Diarrhoea and rashes
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Spread can be reduced by isolating infected individuals and sterilising and areas where the virus may be present. Medical staff should regularly wash their hands and wear protective clothing
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HIV
Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attachks white blood cells, a key part of the immune system
Symptoms include: fever, sore throat, body rash, joint pain
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Overtime, it will lead to AIDS, where the immune system eventually fails
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