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Sarah Rebolledo Period 5 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Sarah Rebolledo Period 5 Cardiovascular System
Major components and functions of Blood
Transport
Delivering O2 and nutrients to body cells
Transporting metabolic wastes to lungs and kidneys for elimination
Transporting hormones from endocrine organs to target organs
Regulation
Maintaining body temperature by absorbing and distributing heat
Maintaining normal pH using buffers; alkaline reserve of bicarbonate ions
Maintaining adequate fluid volume in circulatory system
Protection
Preventing infection
Preventing blood loss
ABO, Rh blood types
ABO blood groups
Based on presence or absence of two agglutinogens (A and B) on surface of RBCs
Blood may contain preformed anti-A or anti-B antibodies (agglutinins)
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
distributes nutrients
Maintains body temp.
oxygen delivery
distribute hormones
transports gases
protects against disease
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cerebrovascular Accident
Blood flow to the brain is interupped.
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart.
Peripheral Artery Disease
Arteries to the heart narrow and shorten the blood flow.
Cogenital Heart Diesease
heart problems that start when born.
Myocardial Infarction
when blood flow to the heat is blocked
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Layers of the heart
Epicardium: visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium: circular or spiral bundles of contractile cardiac muscle cells
Endocardium: innermost layer; is continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels
Blood flow through the heart and body
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Arteries:carry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus
Capillaries:direct contact with tissue cells; directly serve cellular needs
veins: carry blood toward heart; deoxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus
Arteries run deep only, but veins run deep or superficial
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Vascular system
Pulmonary circulation: short loop that runs from heart to lungs and back to heart
Systemic circulation: long loop to all parts of body and back to heart
The ECG involves creating an electrocardiogram, a recording of the electrical activity of the heart over repeated cardiac cycles.
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Blood vessels: delivery system of dynamic structures that begins and ends at heart
Arteries:carry blood away from heart; oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus
Capillaries:direct contact with tissue cells; directly serve cellular needs
veins: carry blood toward heart; deoxygenated except for pulmonary circulation and umbilical vessels of fetus
Layers of the blood vessel wall
Tunica intima (inermost layer)
Tunica media (middle layer)
Tunica externa (outermost layer)
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
BP Regulations
Goal of blood pressure regulation is to keep blood pressure high enough to provide adequate tissue perfusion, but not so high that blood vessels are damaged
Blood pressure (BP): force per unit area exerted on wall of blood vessel by blood
Expressed in mm Hg
Measured as systemic arterial BP in large arteries near heart
Blood flow: volume of blood flowing through vessel, organ, or entire circulation in given
Diastolic pressure: lowest level of aortic pressure when heart is at rest
Pulse: throbbing of arteries due to difference in pulse pressures, which can be felt under skin
Systolic pressure: pressure exerted in aorta during ventricular contraction
