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PHRASAL VERBS - Coggle Diagram
PHRASAL VERBS
how are they used
verbs + particles (propositions...)
= changed meaning
messed up
:arrow_right: unique meaning
watch out for literal or aspect meaning :warning:
I
got up
early this morning. (arose = too formal)
I
woke up
in the night to go to the bathroom. (awoke = too formal)
separation
optional
direct object = not a pronoun :forbidden:
Turn out
the lights. /
Turn
the lights
out
.
necessary
direct object = pronoun :check:
Turn
them
out
. :warning:
most common
action verbs
drive, ride, look, fix, stand, paper, rip
climb, jump, walk, break
delexicalised verbs :warning:
be, do, come, go, make, take, put, give
turn, set, bring, run, face, start
:warning: different meaning depending on collactions
particles
out, over, off, up, away, down, back
on, in, for, with
types
(based on meaning)
literal
directional preposition
particle retains its prepositional meaning
stand
up
, sit
down
, hand
out
, fall
down
, take
down
, carry
out
, throw
away
, climp
up
, pass
through
aspect
divided by semantic classes
semantic contribution of the particle :left_right_arrow:
up, over, through, along, away, off, out, around
set out, took off... :arrow_left:
inceptive
(initial)
continue active
(action continues)
action verb +
away
(=didn't care/heedless action) :arrow_left:
carry on, keep on, hang on, come along, play along... :arrow_left:
action verb +
around
(=lack of purpose) :arrow_left:
action verb +
through
(=beginning to end) :arrow_left:
write over, think over, type over... :arrow_left:
iterative
(repetition)
completive
(action is complete)
drank up, burn down, mix up, wear out, turn off, blow out ... :arrow_left: accomplishment
closed up, wind up, fade out, cut off, clean up... :arrow_left: goal orientation
particles up, out, off, down
idiomatic
chew out, tune out, catch up, put off...