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Arturo Duarte Period 1 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Arturo Duarte Period 1 Cardiovascular System
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Capillaries
Function - exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells
Strcutures
Arteriole (right side)
Capillaries (middle)
Tissue cells (middle)
Artery (right side)
Venule (left side)
Vein (left side)
Veins
Function - carries blood toward the heart
Structures
Tunica externa - outer layer
Tunica meida - middle layer
Tunica intima - inner layer
Arteries
Structures
Tunica media - second outer layer
Tunica intima - second inner layer
Tunica externa - outer layer
Basement membrane - inner layer
Function - carries blood away from the heart
ABO, Rh blood types
Types of ABO's
Type B blood = has antigen B, RBC, and anti-A antibody
Type AB blood = has antigen B, RBC, and antigen A
Type A blood = has antigen A, RBC, and anti-B antibody
Type O blood = RBC, anti-A antibody, and anti-B antibody
Types of Rh
Rh factors is most likely genetic and can pass by a pregnancy. If your Rh-negative and carry a Rh positive baby; you might be exposed to the Rh-positive blood during delivery. This can lead to you creating anti- Rh antibodies that could attack the blood of the baby.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac Cycle
Then the ventricles contract (called ventricular systole), while the atria relax (called atrial distole)
Then the atria heart relaxes a brief moment
First the atria contract (called atrial system), while ventricles relax (called ventricular diastole
ECG
a recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle
Recording results from the summoned patronal of many cardiac muscle cells which can be defected through electrical currents in the body fluids
Components of ECG
QRS complex = corresponds the depolarization of ventricles which leads to contraction of the ventricles the repolarization behind the larger ventricular aorta
T wave = corresponds to ventricular repolarization and leads to ventricular relaxation
P wave = the first wave, which corresponds to the depolarization of the atria: this leads to contraction of the atria
Layers of the heart
Epicardium = outer layer of the heart
Myocardium = middle layer of the heart
Endocardium = inner layer of the heart
Pericardium = a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart to protect it, also has 2 layers which are called: parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
Major Components and function of Blood
Formed Elements (45%)
Platelets - to form a type of "glue" in your body to stop bleeding; 4.8% of the formed elements
White Blood Cells - help the body fight infections and other diseases; 0.1% of the formed elements
Red Blood Cells (RBC) - transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues; 95% of the formed elements
Plasma (55%)
Takes nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that is needed
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Remove waste products such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid
Protection against disease and infection
Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body
Maintain body temperature
Helps calculate a person's blood pressure
Calculates a person's pulse rate
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke)
Causes/Risk Factors - Blood clot in artery to the brain, aneurysm, and high blood pressure
Symptoms - Severe headache, memory loss, and muscle weakness
Description - Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interupted
Treatment - Thrombolytics, surgical intermammary, and physical therapy
Endocarditis & Myocarditis
Causes/Risk Factors - Virus bacterial or Fungai infection, heart valve damage, and recent surgery
Symptoms - Fatigue, Edema, and chest pain
Description - Inflammation of the heart
Treatment - antibiotics, medication, and diuretics
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Causes/Risk Factors - limb trauma, radiation exposure, and atherosclerosis
Description - arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Symptoms - leg and arm pain, weak pulse, and wounds that will not heal
Treatment - Medication and arterial angioplasty fromage
Congenital Heart Disease
Causes/Risk Factors - Tricuspid atresia, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis
Symptoms - Dependent on condition and cyanosis common
Description - Issue with heart structure anal or function present from birth
Treatment - Medication, surgical intention, some abnormalities may heal on their own
Myocardial Infarction (Heart attack)
Causes/Risk Factors - Blood clot, obesity, and smoking
Symptoms - Chest pain, dizziness, and sweating
Description - Blood flow to the part of the heart is blocked (heart attack)
Treatment - Angioplasty and thrombolytics
Blood flow through the heart and body
Right Side
The Oxygen-Poor blood travels back to the right side of the heart through the
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
,
Into the
Right Atrium
,
through the Tricuspid Valve,
into the
Right Ventricle
, which forces the blood out
through the
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
through the
Pulmonary trunk/Pulmonary Artery
towards the Lungs
so it can pick up more oxygen and repeat the cycle again
Left Side
This blood travels into the
Left Atrium
,
through the Bicuspid Valve,
is carried by the
Pulmonary vein
(pulmonary refers to how the blood just came from the lungs),
and into the
Left Ventricle
. The Left Ventricle forces the blood out
just came from the Lungs (oxygen enters the blood every time we breathe),
through the
Aortic Semilunar Valve
,
Oxygen-Rich blood,
through the
Aorta
(the largest artery in the body).
Vital signs
Pulse
Common pulse points include the radial artery, carotid artery, brachial artery, and femoral artery
The alternating expansion and recoil of the wall of an artery as the ventricle contract and relax can be felt at certain points in the body as a pulse
The pulse rhythm, rate, force, and equality are assessed when palpating pulses
Blood Pressure
Force blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels
BP exists al through the cardiovascular system
The term "blood pressure" usually refers to systemic arterial pressure
Major blood vessels
Veins
Superior vena cava
Cephalic vein - superficial vein
Axillary vein
Basilic vein - superficial vein
Subclavian vein
Inferior vena cava
Brachiocephalic vein
Brachial vein - deep vein
External jugular vein
Ulnar vein - deep vein
Internal jugular vein
Radial vein - deep vein
Common iliac vein
Internal iliac vein
External iliac vein
Femoral vein - deep vein
Great saphenous vein
Arteries
Axillary artery
Abdominal aorta
Ascending aorta
Brachial artery
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk
Ulnar artery
Subclavian artery
Radial artery
Common carotid artery
Common iliac artery
Femoral artery
Anterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
Anatomy of Heart
Chambers
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Valves
Aortic semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve